茶园覆盖木屑与间作作物的生态循环模式效应

Effect of ecological cycle model of tea garden covering wood chips and intercropping crops

为解决茶园杂草生态防控和土壤培肥问题,初步研究了茶园覆盖木屑与间作作物的生态循环模式效应.调查发现,茶园原有杂草26科46种,主要恶性杂草为马唐(Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.)、藿香蓟(Ageratum conyzoides L.)、小蓬草(Conyza canadensi (L.) Cronq.)、双穗雀稗(Paspalum paspaloides (Michx.) Scribn.)、野茼蒿(Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore).通过茶园覆盖木屑,间作多花黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum Lamk.)、蚕豆(Vicia faba L.)、豌豆(Pisum sativum)和覆盖木屑+间作多花黑麦草形式,探讨对茶园杂草防控和土壤培肥的效果.结果表明,覆盖与间作处理都能够提高土壤的含水量,但是覆盖比间作更能提高茶园土壤的含水量;覆盖与间作都能有效的降低土壤容重,但两者差异不显著;覆盖与间作在一定程度上能够降低土壤的pH,其中间作蚕豆对pH的影响较大,能够显著降低土壤的pH值.覆盖与间作方式能有效的防控茶园杂草与培肥土壤,覆盖木屑+间作多花黑麦草对杂草的防控效果最好,间作蚕豆与豌豆对土壤的改良效果最好,间作多花黑麦草、蚕豆、豌豆又能提高茶园的覆盖率,创造简单的立体复合栽培模式,优化茶园环境.

In order to solve the problem of weed control and soil fertility in tea plantations, the ecological cycling pattern effects of sawdust-covered sawdust and intercropping crops were studied preliminarily. The survey found that there were 46 families of 26 species in the tea plantation; the main weeds were Digitaria sanguinalis （L.） Scop., Ageratum conyzoides L., Conyza canadensi （L.） Cronq., Paspalum paspaloides （Michx.） Scribn., Crassocephalum crepidioides （Benth.） S. Moore. The effects of weeds control and soil fertilization in tea plantation were discussed by covering sawdust, intercropping of ryegrass, broad bean, pea and covered sawdust ＋ intercropping with ryegrass. The results showed that both mulching and intercropping could improve the soil moisture content, but the mulch ratio could improve the soil moisture content of tea plantation than intercrop. Mulch and intercropping could effectively reduce soil bulk density, but the difference between them was not significant. Mulch and intercropping could reduce the pH of soil to a certain extent, in which the effect of intercropping broad bean on reduced pH is significantly. Mulch and intercropping could effectively control weeds and soil fertility in tea plantation. The effect of covering sawdust ＋ intercropping ryegrass on weed control was the best. Intercropping broad bean and pea had the best effect on soil improvement. Intercropping of ryegrass, broad bean and pea could improve the coverage of tea plantation, create a simple three-dimensional compound cultivation model, and optimize tea plantation environment.