析同义变换句式“V在N”和“在NV”

A study of the synonymous structures “V in N” and “in NV”

能同时出现在"V在N"和"在NV"中的动词,需含[自主]、[对宾语的影响性低]、[完成]的语义特征。动词搭配特征主要有:"V在N"中动词不能再加宾语;"在NV"中动词不受其他状语直接修饰;"V在N"中动词后不可加数量短语;"V在N"中动词后不能有"着、了、过"。语法结构上,"V在N"是"述语+宾语","在NV"是"状语+中心语";语义上,"V在N"强调介宾短语,"在NV"强调动词。

Verbs that appear in “V in N” and “in NV” have the semantic features of “autonomy”,“low influence on the subject” and “completeness”. The main characteristics of such verbal collocations are as follows：“V in N” cannot have another object;“in NV” should not have other direct adverbial modifiers;“V in N” should not have a quantitative phrase or “着（zhe）／了（le）／过（guo）” after the verb. Grammatically,“V in N” is “adnex＋object”, while “in NV” is “adverbial＋ headwords”;semantically,“V in N” emphasizes the phrase of prepositional object while “in NV” emphasizes the verb.