四川省某高校大学生营养KAP与身体体质现状调查与相关性分析

The Status and Correlation Rsearch Between Theory Model of Knowledge-attitude-behavior of Nutrition and Physical Health of College Students in Sichuan Province

目的:通过调查四川某综合性大学大学生的营养知识、态度、行为现状与体质数据,分析大学生营养KAP、体质情况及其之间的关系,为高校健康教育、普及营养知识和改善学生体质提供科学依据。方法:自制KAP调查问卷,对该校1 225名大学生进行问卷调查。在体育老师的协助下获得学生体质测试成绩。所收集数据按年级、性别、文理分组进行分析,用Excel软件录入和SPSS 20.0软件进行统计分析,获得学生的营养KAP得分、体质状况以及两者之间的关系。结果:在校大学生营养知识掌握情况和饮食行为较差。性别和专业是影响大学生营养KAP得分的主要因素,差异得分有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同年级学生之间营养知识与饮食行为得分差异显著(P<0.05),高年级优于低年级。女学生消瘦比例与男同学超重比例较高,消瘦与超重学生的体质测试成绩较低。营养知识得分与BMI呈负相关,饮食行为与BMI呈正相关。营养知识、饮食行为与体质测试成绩呈正相关。结论:四川在校大学生营养知识较为缺乏,消瘦和超重是影响大学生身体体质的不良因素,应采取多种形式对在校大学生进行专业系统营养教学,加强身体锻炼。

[Objective] To investigate the status of nutritional knowledge-attitude-practice （KAP） and bodily diathesis of college students in a comprehensive university in Sichuan province and analyze the association between them, so as to provide scientific evidence for the promotion of nutrition education and physical health. [Method] Self-designed questionnaires were distributed to 1 225 college students in the comprehensive university to investigate their nutritional KAP status. The physical performance tests were tested in the students by physical education teachers. All the data were recorded by Excel and analyzed using SPSS 21.0 software. The nutritional KAP score, body mass index （BMI） and body diathesis, as well as their association between different grade, genders and majors were analyzed and compared. [Result] The college students had weak nutritional knowledge and bad dietary behavior. Gender and majors were the main influencing factors of KAP scores, and the difference was statistically significant （P 〈 0. 05） . The nutrition knowledge and dietary practice had significant difference between grades （P 〈 0. 05） . Higher grade students had higher score than lower grade student. Malnutrition rates in female students and obe- sity rates in male students were high, skinny and obese student had the poor physical test scores. BMI was negatively correlated with utrition knowledge and positively correlated with practice. Nutrition knowledge and practice were positively associated with body diathesis in the students. [Conclusion] College students in Sichuan province have low nutritional knowledge, and malnutrition and obesity are the major factors of bodily physique.