清末民初“国族共同体”的文学影像——中国马克思主义文学批评民族观的本土资源

The Literary Image of “National Community” in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China: Native Resources of the National View of Marxist Literary Criticism in China

清末民初文学探论中的中国现代民族意识以"国族同构"为基本样态,首先落实为"中国文学"概念的确立,其后又典型体现于"国民文学"的理论论争。前者确立了从"中华民族"的立场出发,以国族一体的思维借助文学媒介图构民族复兴的基本范式;后者寄寓着以"国民"的视角通过文学想象实现民族文化振兴的现实愿景。构建中国马克思主义文学批评的民族观,必须以早期中国现代民族意识的勃兴及其文学实践为理论出发点,从作为宏观客体的"民族国家"和作为微观主体的"国民"的双重尺度强调"文学"与"民族国家"的贴合,以"中华民族"范畴为理论基点,将经典马克思主义的民族叙述与中国现代民族意识有机结合。

In the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, the modern Chinese national consciousness in literary exploration takes the ＂national isomorphism＂ as the basic pattern. First, the concept of ＂Chinese Literature＂ has been established. Second, it is typically reflected in the theoretical argument of ＂national literature＂. The former established the standpoint of the Chinese nation, which is the basic paradigm of national rejuvenation with the idea of national unity and the media. The latter commits the vision of realizing national culture rejuvenation through literary imagination from the perspective of ＂the national＂. To construct the national view of Marxist Literary Criticism in China, it is necessary to start with the prosperity of the early Chinese modern national consciousness and its literary practice. From the dual scale of ＂nation state＂ as the macro object and ＂national＂ as the micro subject emphasis on joint of ＂literature＂ and the ＂nation state＂. Based on the Chinese nation scope, the national narrative of classical Marxism is combined with the modern national consciousness of China.