贸易开放与产业升级对我国区域就业的协同影响——基于分区域省级面板数据的分析

The Co-ordinated Effect of Trade Openness and Upgrading of Industrial Structure on Regional Employment——Based on Regional Panel Data in China

以城镇单位就业人数度量就业,出口促进就业、进口替代就业,各地区出口贸易与产业调整协同作用整体上均促进了就业。以大学毕业生就业人数度量就业,出口贸易、产业结构优化独自或协同作用有利于全国整体及东部地区高技术劳动力就业,但对中西部地区作用为负。因此,各地区需进一步发挥贸易开放和产业结构调整的协同作用,注重劳动力异质性匹配需求,东部地区应侧重发展高端产业以提高高技术劳动力吸纳力,中西部地区应注重依托传统产业转型升级提高总就业率,区域间力争形成产业布局与劳动力就业的梯度互补式发展。

With the total urban employment rate as the dependent variable, the pulling effect of export and substitution effect of import on employment are both significant, and the interaction between trade and industrial structure also has a positive effect on em- ployment. With the employment rate of college graduates as the dependent variables, export and industry upgrading as well as their interaction have positive effects on employment of high skill workers in the east. While, the effect is negative in the middle and west. Therefore, it makes great sense to improve the interaction between trade and industrial structure change, and focus on the matches of different quality of labor. The east region needs to improve the absorption of high-tech workers, and the middle and west to improve the total employment rate based on industry upgrading.