清代彝族《百乐书》中的巫医图像与祭司图像研究

A Study on Images of Witch Doctors and Priests in Yi's Sortition Book in Qing Dynasty

清代彝族《百乐书》中的巫医图像和祭司图像因文字的残缺而难以训读,其相关知识谱系需要借助田野调查才能重构。相关图像透露出彝族宗教中含有原生性宗教、佛教滇密、道教米巫祭酒之教和端公信仰的元素,属于混融型宗教。彝族巫医利用羊皮鼓、师刀、阴铃、羊角号,结合咒语、舞蹈为族人治病;彝族祭司用阴铃、法冠、法杖,结合宗教经典主持祭神仪式和丧葬仪式。艺术是巫医和祭司沟通神灵的交流符号。

The images of witch doctors and priests in the Sortition Book of the Yi people in the Qing Dynasty are difficult to be read due to the incompleteness of the characters.The relevant knowledge pedigree needs to be reconstructed by means of field investigation.The related images reveal that the Yi religion contains elements of primitive religion,Buddhism,Taoism,and Duangong belief,and is thus a mixed-typed religion.Combining spells and dances,the Yi witch doctors use sheepskin drums,knives,bells,and shofars to treat the clansmen;combining the religious classics,the Yi priests use bells,crowns,and walking sticks to preside over the rituals and funeral ceremonies.Art is the symbol for the witch doctors and the priests to communicate with the gods.