长江口深水航道治理工程的实践与思考

Practice and Considerations on the Yangtze Estuary Deepwater Channel Regulation Project

长江口深水航道治理工程是由孙中山最早提出设想、到20世纪末国务院决策实施,历经数代人攻坚克难而得以实现的跨世纪宏伟工程;是无现成经验可循,完全依靠国内技术力量自主研究设计及施工建成的世界级河口治理样本;是历经12年分期建设,获得中国工程院评估组充分认可和较高评价,并取得诸多实践经验和技术创新的水运建设成功范例。通过8年养护管理,长江口12.5m深水航道运行安全畅通,维护疏浚量总体可控,已充分发挥"黄金效益"。当前长江口深水航道仍面临现有航道技术研究手段的局限性、航道深化减淤方向的不明朗性、航道疏浚土处置的紧迫性和河口航道体系建设的滞后性等诸多亟待深化研究问题。

The Yangtze Estuary Deepwater Channel Regulation Project is a cross-century grand project embodled great efforts of generations of people. It was first envisioned by Sun Yat-sen and approved by the State Council by the end of the last century. This project was designed and built into a world-class demonstration project, even with no existing experience to follow and entirely based on our own technical strength. It is a successful example of water transport construction that was fully acknowledged by the Chinese Academy of Engineering Evaluation Team after 12 years of construction, and has obtained many practical experiences and technological innovations. Through 8-years of maintenance management, the 12.5m-deep water channel of the Yangtze River estuary has been operated safely and smoothly, with maintenance dredging volume generally in control, fully exerting golden benefits. Meanwhile, the paper also points out that the current Yangtze Estuary deep-water channel still faces many issues requiring further study, such as research limitations in existing waterway technology, uncertainties of river channel deepening and siltation reduction, urgency of waterway dredged soil disposal and lag of estuarine navigation system construction.