“一带一路”中国沿海港口城市旅游效率测度与空间特征研究

The Measurement of Tourism Efficiencies and Spatial Features of Coastal Port Cities in China in the Belt and Road Initiative

《推动共建丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路的愿景与行动》中明确强调要加强沿线港口城市建设。为了明确其旅游效率特征,选择合理发展战略,选取16个"一带一路"中国沿海港口城市为研究对象,运用DEA数据包络分析法及Malmquist生产率指数等方法,分析其旅游综合效率及全要素生产率的总体特征。结果显示,2005-2015年,"一带一路"沿海港口城市的旅游综合效率水平较高,整体处于递增状态并呈现南高北低的空间特征;全要素生产率整体保持快速增长,年平均增长率为8. 9%,技术进步是引起全要素生产率增长的主要原因;依托两个指数可将16个城市分为四类:天津、广州、湛江为活跃型,深圳、海口为低谷型,上海、厦门、舟山、三亚为稳定型,其他城市为潜力型。

＂Vision and Actions on Jointly Building Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road＂ clearly stressed the need to strengthen the construction of port cities along the route. In order to clarify the chacracteristics of tourism efficiency and choose a reasonable development strategy, this paper selected 16 Chinese coastal port cities in the Belt and Road Initiative as the research object, then used the DEA model and the Malmquist productivity index to analysis the general characteristics of tourism comprehensive efficiency and total factor productivity. The results indicate that from 2005 to 2015, comprehensive efficiency of 16 coastal port cities shows a higher level, which presents a ＂the South high and North low＂ situation in space. The index of total factor prouctivity on the whole maintaines a rapid growth and the average annual growth rate is 8.9%, which is due to the technological progress. Finally, 16 cities are divided into four categories based on the comprehensive efficiency of tourism and the index of total factor productivity： Tianjin, Guangzhou and Zhanjiang are active; Shenzhen and Haikou are declining; Shanghai, Xiamen, Zhoushan and Sanya are stable while other cities are potential.