农村自杀未遂者的重复自杀行为发生率及特征研究

The Rate and Characteristics of Repeated Suicidal Behavior among Rural Suicide Attempters

目的探讨农村自杀未遂人群重复自杀行为的发生率及特征。方法在山东农村选取178名自杀未遂者为研究对象,并对其在2012年、2016年展开两次随访。结果共有14例次自杀未遂者出现重复自杀行为(7.87%),其中自杀死亡与自杀未遂各有7例次。具有重复自杀行为的自杀未遂者的首次自杀未遂的平均年龄为(56.21±11.63)岁,重复自杀行为发生的平均年龄为(59.86±11.93)岁,精神障碍的患病率为92.9%。相比单次自杀行为发生者,重复自杀行为发生者有年龄大(t=3.158,P=0.002)、有躯体疾病(X～2=4.587,P=0.032)与有精神障碍(X～2=3.946,P=0.047)的特征。重复自杀行为的两次随访的发病密度分别为1.57/100人年和1.41/100人年,老年人的重复自杀行为的发病密度要大于非老年人,而重复自杀行为的发病密度在性别方面没有统计学差异。结论自杀未遂者是再次出现自杀行为的高危人群,而农村老年人的重复自杀行为的发生率要大于非老年人,应为自杀预防中重点关注的对象。

Objective To explore the rate and characteristics of repeated suicidal behavior among rural suicide attempters. Methods 178 suicide attempters were surveyed and followed up during 2012 2016 in rural area, Shandong Province. Results Of the 178 suicide attempters, 14 had repeated suicidal behaviors （7.87%）, half of them （7 persons） died of the second suicide while the others didn＇t die in the second suicide behavior. The first suicide behavior happened at an average age of （56.21＋ 11.63）, and the second one at 59.86~ 11.93. The prevalence of mental disorders was 92.9% in repeated suicide attempters. Compared to people with once suicide attemption, the repeated suicide attempters had elder age （t=3. 158, P=0.002）, higher rate of physical illness （X^2=4.587, P=0.032） and mental disorders （X^2=3.946, P=0.047）. The incidence densities （IDs） of two follow-ups were 1.57 and 1.41 per 100 person-years, respectively. The incidence density of the elderly was higher than that of the younger populations. No statistical difference was found between the males and females in the incidence densities. Conclusions Suicide attempters are at high risk of repeated suicidal behavior. More attention should be paid to the rural elderly who showed higher incidence density than younger populations.