刘颂的封建论与西晋武惠之际的政局

The Association between the Feudalism Theory of Liu Song and the Political Situation of the Mid-West Jin Dynasty

东汉后期曹魏统治者禁锢宗室,导致朝廷孤立无援,无力应对权臣的篡逆。鉴于这一历史教训,司马昭于魏末辅政时就着手大封宗室,晋武帝司马炎在位期间,也曾三次大规模调整西晋的封建体系,试图借封建宗室之力巩固王朝统治。时任淮南相刘颂分析了西晋的封建体制,指出其名为封建、实为郡县的弊病,无法真正起到藩屏帝室的作用。他主张彻底仿照周代建侯制度,赋予诸侯国充分的治权及军权,完善封建体系,以对抗日益膨胀的外戚权势,保障政权平稳地过渡到储君惠帝的手中。

In the late Eastern Han Dynasty and the Wei Dynasty, the rulers barred the imperial clan from politics and the royal court was isolated and helpless, unable to resist the usurpers. In view of this historical lesson, Sima Zhao started to feudalize the imperial clan in the late Wei Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Sima Yan, he also made three large-scale adjustments to the feudal system of the Western Jin Dynasty, trying to consolidate the rule of the dynasty by the power of the imperial clan. At that time, Liu Song analyzed the feudal system of the Western Jin Dynasty, pointing out its fault and believing it could not really play the role of defending the court. He advocated a thorough imitation of the Zhou Dynasty feudal system, giving the vassal states full power and military power and perfecting the feudal system to counter the growing power of the relatives on the mother’s side and ensure a smooth transition of the regime.