非受事宾语句的论元结构及推导

The Argument Structure and Derivation of Non-patient Object Sentences

本文在对非受事宾语句进行充分描写的基础上,运用生成语法理论对非受事成分如何在动态宾语位置上成为非受事宾语及其生成受制于怎样的句法条件提供合理的解释。本文认为,非受事宾语句的生成不同于受事宾语句,其底层结构中存在空论元和空谓词位置,而且为了实现与概念(语义)-句法系统的双重对应,论元和谓词具有双重特征,整个句法结构呈现动态性和层级性。材料成分宾语和工具成分宾语由于受事性程度不同,在被动句转换、宾语提取以及体标记、状态副词和语气词使用等方面存在差异。抽象性程度等级与时体标记、副词修饰语、数量词、限定词、被动标记和"把"标记等成分或标记之间存在关联性。作为非受事宾语,材料成分宾语和工具成分宾语都必须满足"V`-再分析条件"。

Based on a full description of non-patient object sentences, this article, in the framework of generative grammar, attempts to explain how non-patient elements occur as non-patient objects in dynamic object positions and what syntactic conditions they are subject to. The article argues that non-patient object sentences differ from patient object sentences because the former entails a null predicate and a null argument, and in order to meet the requirement of dualistic correspondence between concept {semantics} and syntax, the predicate and the argument are dualistic, as a result of which the whole syntactic construction is dynamic and hierarchic. Material element object and instrument element object differ from each other due to their different degrees of patientiveness which can be testified in the transformation of passive constructions, object extraction, the use of tense-aspect markers, adverbs, and modal particles. And the degree of abstractness is related to tense-aspect markers, adverb modifiers, quantifiers, determiners, passive markers and the causative marker ba. As non-patient objects, material element object and instrument element object must conform to the condition of V＇-Reanalysis.