全国人大常委会授权视域下的农村土地“三权分置”改革研究

The Reform of Rural Land “Separation of Three Rights” from the Perspective of Authorization by the NPC Standing Committee

农村土地"三权分置"改革是指国家为了积累改革经验,全国人大常委会通过授权决定在特定区域、时限与主体中暂时调整适用土地管理法、物权法、担保法的部分法律条文,鼓励实施主体通过实践界定农村土地所有权、承包权、经营权以及各权属之间的关系,明晰各权利主体的权利义务,同时对权利主体财产权变动方式进行探索进而规范的改革理念、制度与运行的总称。改革以来,土地确权与土地经营权流转稳步推进、承包地规模化经营迅猛发展、农村土地金融发展态势良好,但也存在着土地流转方式亟待改进、承包土地的经营权抵押制度不完善、土地权属争议纠纷被搁置等不足。这需要通过完善土地流转方式、完善承包土地的经营权抵押制度、推进土地权属争议纠纷处理、协同推进分置强化改革落实等加以解决。

The reform of rural land “separation of three rights” is a general term for the reform of the concept, system and operation to temporarily adjust or suspend some legal provisions of land management law, property law, and guarantee law in specific areas, time and subjects through the authorization by the NPC Standing Committee, and encourages the implementation entity to define rural land ownership, contracting rights, management rights and the relationship among them, to clarify the rights and obligations of each right subject through practice, meanwhile, to explore and standardize the change mode of right subject s property right under the situation of accumulating experience to carry out the reform. Since the reform, the transfer of land property right and land management right has been steadily advancing, contracted scale operation has developed rapidly, and rural land financing has developed well. However, there are still problems such as the land transfer method, imperfect management right mortgage system for contracted lands, suspended disputes over land ownership, which need to be solved by improving the land transfer method, perfecting the management right mortgage system for contracted lands, promoting the solving of disputes over land ownership, and coordinating the separation and prompting the reform implementation.