基于“三层次、五模块”的农业院校机械工程类专业实践教学体系的构建

Construction of Practical Teaching System for Mechanical Engineering Majors in Agricultural Universities based on“Three Levels and Five Modules”

根据市场经济背景下企业对人才的需求,本科教育应更加重视实践教学的构建和应用,即主要用于培养具有熟练的基本操作技能,并能够独立发现、解决问题的创新型应用人才。先从理论层次探讨了本科教学实践教学的必要性,并对"应用型""复合型""三层次""五模块"等核心概念进行了界定。按照实践能力培养的客观规律,将复合应用型人才培养目标要素分解为基础夯实、综合提高和研究与应用创新三个层次,以此为轴线,构建了相应的"三层次"实践教学体系;在此基础上,确立了与"三层次"培养目标要素相对应的"五模块"实践教学架构,即"课程实验、实习实训、综合设计、社会实践、创新创业"。通过对实践教学体系的统筹分析,有助于提升农业院校机械工程类专业实践教学质量,培养适应大工科背景的创新型应用人才。

According to the enterprises＇ demand for talents under market economy, the undergraduate education should pay more attention to the construction and application of practical teaching. It is mainly used to cultivate innovative applied talents with proficient basic operating skills and capable of finding and solving problems independently. In this paper, the necessity of teaching practice in undergraduate teaching is discussed from the theoretical level firstly, and the core concepts, such as “applied”, “compound”, “three levels” and “five modules” are defined. In accordance with the objective law of training the ability of practice, the objective factors of cultivating compound talents are divided into three levels of foundation consolidation, comprehensive improvement, research and application innovation. The corresponding “three levels” practice teaching system has been constructed. The ＂five modules＂ practical teaching framework which is “curriculum experiment, practice training, comprehensive design, social practice, innovation and entrepreneurship” corresponding to the “three levels” training target elements has been established. Through the overall analysis of practice teaching system, it is helpful to improve the quality of the practical teaching of mechanical engineering majors in agricultural universities and to cultivate innovative talents adapted to the background of large engineering.