重症监护室护士职业紧张现状及其影响因素

Occupational Stress in ICU Nurses and Its Influencing Factors

目的探讨重症监护室(intensive care unit,ICU)护士职业紧张的现状及其影响因素,并提出有效的管理建议。方法2017年6-12月,便利抽样法选取某市4所医院中101名ICU护士为研究对象。采用职业紧张调查量表对其职业紧张情况进行调查。职业紧张调查量表分为职业任务(occupational rule questionnaire,ORQ)、个体紧张反应(personal strain questionnaire,PSQ)以及个体应对资源(personal resources questionnaire,PRQ)等3个维度。结果 ICU护士职业紧张调查量表总评分为(514.80±30.90)分,处于高紧张水平。ORQ评分为(230.09±20.03)分,PSQ评分为(146.98±21.05)分,PRQ评分为(137.72±15.02)分。不同年龄、学历、工龄、职称的ICU护士,其职业紧张量表总评分及各分量表评分差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。年龄是影响护士职业紧张评分的主要因素(P<0.05)。结论 ICU护士存在较严重的职业紧张度,而年龄是主要影响因素。相关部门应制定相应措施,为ICU护士创造出一个良好的工作环境,以减轻期心理负担,缓解其职业紧张水平。

Objective To explore the influencing factors of occupational stress in intensive care unit （ICU） nurses, in order to provide reference for management suggestions. Methods From June to December 2017, 101 ICU nurses from four hospitals in a city were selected as subjects by convenience sampling. The occupational stress was investigated by using the occupational stress scale. The occupational stress scale included the occupational rule questionnaire （ORQ）, personal strain questionnaire （PSQ） and personal resources questionnaire （PRQ）. Results The occupational stress survey in ICU nurses scored （514.80±30.90） and was at a high level of stress. The score of ORQ was （230.09± 20.03）, the score of PSQ was （146.98±21.05） and PRQ was （137.72±15.02）. The total score of the occupational stress scale and the score of each subscale in ICU nurses with different age,education, working years and professional titles had statistically significant differences （all P 〈0.001）. Age was the main factor influencing the score of nurses’ occupational stress （ P 〈0.05）. Conclusions ICU nurses have serious occupational stress, and age is the main influencing factor of occupational stress. Corresponding measures should be taken to create a good working environment and alleviate the psychological burden of nurses, thus reduce the occupational stress of nurses.