上海市电动自行车驾乘人员安全头盔使用情况现场实测

Helmet wearing among e-bikers in Shanghai: On-site observational study

【目的】了解上海市电动自行车驾乘人员安全头盔的正确佩戴情况,为促进和完善相关立法提供依据。【方法】利用百度地图定位功能,将上海市分为内、中、外环4片区域,每片区域随机抽取2个点,采用现场实测的方法记录电动自行车驾乘人员安全头盔的正确佩戴率。【结果】2015—2017年期间,共实测电动自行车驾驶人员45 430名,头盔正确佩戴率为12. 45%;乘坐人员6 886名,头盔正确佩戴率为1. 93%(χ~2=672. 44,P<0. 001)。男性驾驶员头盔佩戴率(12. 76%)高于女性(11. 45%)(χ~2=12. 84,P<0. 001)。无论是驾驶人员还是乘客,头盔佩戴率的季节性均明显,夏天头盔佩戴率较低,而冬季头盔佩戴率较高。内环内驾乘人员头盔佩戴率较高,外卖人员的头盔佩戴率远高于快递人员(34. 34%,10. 18%; P<0. 001)和总体人群水平(34. 34%,12. 45%;P<0. 001)。【结论】上海市电动车驾乘人员的头盔佩戴率总体较低,驾乘人员安全意识薄弱,应尽快完善相关电动自行车头盔立法,以减少电动自行车伤亡事故。

[Objective] To investigate helmet wearing among e-bikers in Shanghai and provide the basis for legislation in this regard. [Methods] By means of Baidu map location function Shanghai was divided into 4 regions as inner, middle and outer rings. In each region, 2 sites were random sampled. And by on-site observation the helmet-wearing rate for e-bikers passing through the site was recorded. [Results] A total of 45 430 e-bike riders and 6886 e-bike passengers were recorded during the period from 2015 to 2017, indicating that only 12.45% e-bike riders and 1.93% passengers behind wore helmets（χ^2= 672.44, P〈 0. 001）. The rate of helmet wearing among male riders （12.76%） was higher than among female riders （11.45%） （X2 = 12.84, P〈0. 001 ）. The rate of hehnet wearing was related to the season, which was increasing in winter and falling in summer. The rate of helmet wearing in inner ring was higher than in other regions. The rate of helmet wearing in food delivery was much higher than in package delivery （34.34% vs 10. 18% ; P〈0. 001 ） and total bikers（ 34.34% vsl2.45% ; P〈0. 001 ）. [Conclusion] The rate of helmet wearing is low in Shanghai, and safety consciousness weak in e-bikers. It is urgent to legislate helmet wearing with e-bikers in Shanghai so as to reduce road traffic injury.