贵阳市南明区0～14岁儿童哮喘患病调查及危险因素研究

Investigation of Asthmatic Prevalence and Risk Factors in Children aged 0～14 in Nanming District of Guiyang City

目的:了解贵阳市南明区0~14岁儿童哮喘患病率、发病规律及危险因素。方法:采用整群抽样方法,随机选择贵阳市南明区(社区、幼儿园以及中学) 16个点调查点,共抽样人数10 610名;以问卷调查并结合现场体检确认哮喘儿童患病人数,以哮喘患儿为病例组、健康儿童为对照组行对照研究,筛查儿童哮喘发病的危险因素。结果:调查贵阳市南明区0~14岁儿童共10 610名,哮喘患儿共193例,患病率为1. 82%,男女患病率分别为2. 07%和1. 54%; 96. 90%的哮喘患儿以呼吸道感染为发作诱因,以不定季节、季节交替期好发者多见,好发时间为午夜、无规律及睡前;治疗中约93%的患儿使用过抗生素,62. 69%的患儿使用过全身激素,仅有36. 79%的患儿使用吸入糖皮质激素;经Logistic回归分析显示哮喘儿童家族过敏史、个人过敏史、1岁内使用抗生素药物、家庭涂料墙面、家中地板或墙壁有霉斑对儿童哮喘患病有影响。结论:贵阳市南明区0~14岁儿童哮喘患病率较高,男童哮喘患病率明显高于女童,且受诸多因素所影响。

Objective：To understand the prevalence rate, pathogenesis and risk factors of asthma in children aged 0-14 in Nanming district, Guiyang city. Methods： A total of 10 610 samples were randomly selected from 16 survey sites in Nanming district of Guiyang city including communities, kindergartens and middle schools by cluster sampling. The number of children with asthma was confirmed by questionnaire survey combined with physical examination, and a control study was conducted with asthmatic children as the case group and healthy children as the control group to screen out the risk factors for asthma. Results： 1.A total of 10610 children aged 0-14 were investigate including 193 cases with asthma. The prevalence rates of male and female were 2.07% and 1.54% respectively with the total prevalence rate of 1.82%; 2.Respiratory tract infection was the incentive factor for 96.90% asthmatic children; 3.The predilection seasons were mainly random or at the season change point; the most significant predilection time was in midnight, irregular or in bedtime; 4.About 93% children were treated with antibiotics, 62.69% children with systemic steroid, and only 36.79% children with inhaled corticosteroids; 5.The logistic regression analysis showed that family allergic history, individual allergic history, the use of antibiotics within 1 year of age, the use of wall paint, and mildew on the floor/wall had influence on children＇s asthmatic prevalence. Conclusion： The prevalence rate of asthma in children aged 0-14 in Nanming district of Guiyang city is higher than that of girls, which is affected by many factors.