唯物辩证法与中国史学史研究——我的一项治学体会

Materialist Dialectics and the Study of Historiography Of China——One of my Learning Experiences

在史学史研究中,笔者一项最重要的治学体会,是应当自觉运用唯物辩证法发现问题和解决难题。例如唐代刘知几《史通》一书,分为内篇、外篇,二者孰先撰写?笔者对《史通》编纂问题作整体性考察,探索刘知几的思想演变,论定《史通》先成内篇,后撰外篇,并且揭示了内篇尚为推重儒学经典,外篇则批判《春秋》等五经,是他在撰写此书的短短几年内,思想发生重大变化。对研究对象作内在矛盾的探索和分析,是辩证法的核心,在研究具体问题与宏观问题上都是必要的。笔者以此方法突破难点,最终考证《越绝书》成书于公元122年,化解了一大学术难题。并将矛盾分析理念应用于整个传统史学发展的考察,提出官方史学与私家史学互动、互补与互有排抑,是中国古代史学异常兴盛的主要原因。辩证逻辑的整体观念、变化发展理念以及矛盾分析的方法,是史学研究的利器,应当在青年学子中掀起一个学习、运用唯物辩证法的热潮。

In the study of historiography,one of the most important learning experiences of the author is that we should consciously use materialist dialectics to discover and solve problems.For example,in Tang Dynasty,Liu Zhiji’s"Shi Tong"was divided into internal and external chapters,which part was written first?The author makes a comprehensive investigation on the compilation of"Shi Tong"and explores Liu Zhiji’s thought evolution,concluding that"Shi Tong"was first written in an internal passage and then in an external one.It also reveals that the inner text is still valued Confucian classics,the five classics such as external article criticizes the"Chun Qiu",which made his thought greatly changed in a few years.It is the core of dialectics to explore and analyze the inner contradictions of the research object,and it is necessary to study the specific problems and macroscopic problems.The author broke through the difficulties with this method,and finally textual research on"Yue Jue Shu",which was written in 122 AD,which solved a great academic problem.Concept of contradiction analysis was applied to the investigation of the development of traditional historiography,and put forward the official historiography interactive,complementary with each other has a private suppression,is China’s ancient history of the main causes of abnormal prosperity.The whole idea of dialectical logic,the concept of change and development and the method of contradiction analysis are the tools of the study of historiography.We should set off an upsurge of learning and applying materialist dialectics in the young students.