1Douglas Robinson. Translation and Empire : Postcolonial Theories Eacplained , Manchester: St jerome, 1997. p1.
2Susan Bassnett, and H. Trivedi (eds.), Post - colonial Translation : Theory and Practice. London and New York: Pinter, 1999.
3Maria Tymoczko, Post - colonial writing and literary translation. Susan Bassnett, and H. Trivedi (eds.), Post - colonial Translation: Theory and Practice. London and New York: Pinter, 1999, pp19-40,p19,p29.
4Itamar Even - Zohar, The position of translated literature within the literary polysystem. Lawrence Venuti (ed.), The Translation Studies Railer.London and New York: Routledge, 2000, pp192 - 197.
5G. J. V. Prasad, Writing translation: the strange case of the Indian English novel. Susan Bassnett, and H. Trivedi ( eds. ), Post - colonial Translation: Theory and Practice. London and New York: Pinter, 1999, p41, p42, p46, p52.
6Salman Rushdie, Shame. New York: Vintage, 1989,p24.
7aina C. Sanga, Salman Rushdie' s Postcolonial Metaphors: Migration, Translation, Hybridity, Blasphemy, and Globalization. Wesport: Greenwood Press,2001,p48, p54, p59.
8Salman Rushdie, Midnight' s Children. London:Jonathan Cape, 1981.
9Salman Rushdie, The Satanic Verses. London: Viking, 1988.
10small S. Talib, The Language of Postcolonial Literatures : An introduction. London and New York: Routledge, 2002, pl, p12, p17, p31, p34, p39.
