美国对外法治援助的策略与效果

The Rule of Law Assistance of United States:Strategies and Impacts

第二次世界大战之后,基于建设世界新秩序和美苏争霸的需要,美国首先为日本提供法治援助。随着全球战略的推进,美国逐步将对外法治援助的范围扩大到亚非拉第三世界。苏东解体后,又扩展到曾属于社会主义阵营的中东欧和前苏联转型国家。基于特定时空外交战略目标、利益和资源的不同,美国从"立法—司法—法律教育"当中选取其一作为援助的重点,由此形成了不同的援助策略。不同策略的效果有所不同:立法援助效果较好,司法援助效果有限,法律教育援助效果甚微。

The United States first provided rule of law assistance to Japan after WWII in an effort to build a new world order and to win the competition with Soviet Union.Subsequently,it expanded rule of law assistance to the third world,and to Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet republics after the end of the Cold War.Given the different diplomatic goals,interests and resources in different periods and areas,the United States has adopted different assistance strategies by choosing to focus on law-making,law enforcement or legal education.The effects of these strategies are obviously different,since the law making strategy usually has good impact while the law enforcement strategy has had limited impact,and assistance with legal education,almost none at all.