出生后使用尿不湿情况下把尿训练对婴幼儿排尿控制的影响

Effect of urinary training on urination control of infants using nappies after birth

目的探讨婴幼儿在出生后使用尿不湿的情况下把尿训练对排尿控制的影响。方法随机选取河南省6个地级市幼儿园的幼儿进行无记名问卷调查，对我国现阶段使用过尿不湿的健康婴幼儿日问获得排尿控制等相关情况进行分层抽样调查。结果实际发放调查问卷12250份，回收11697份，有效问卷10562份，有效回收率为86．22％。按婴幼儿出生后把尿开始年龄分为6组（0-〈3个月组、3-〈6个月组、6-〈12个月组、12-〈18个月组、18-〈24个月组及无把尿组），结果显示出生12个月内对使用尿不湿婴幼儿进行把尿训练，在2岁时获得排尿控制率明显高于12个月以后开始把尿训练和未行把尿训练儿童[70．56％（4831／6847例）比59．02％（1545／2618例）、42．48％（466／1097例）]，差异均有统计学意义（χ^2=114_76、335．48，均P〈0．0001）。其中12个月以内不同开始时间亚组2岁时排尿控制率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；而12个月以后不同亚组排尿控制率随开始时问推迟呈下降趋势，依次为59．97％（1314／219l例）、54．10％（231／427例）。其他几个年龄（即0．5岁、1．0岁、1．5岁）获得排尿控制率的结果与2岁时相似，性别对获得排尿控制率无影响（均P〉0．05）。结论使用尿不湿的婴幼儿在1岁以前开始把尿训练有利于婴幼儿排尿控制的发育。

Objective To investigate the effect of urinary training on urination control in infants using nappies after birth. Methods Stratified sampling method was used to investigate the daytime urination control and the using of diapers by children in kindergartens of 6 prefecture - level cities in Henan Province, China. The survey was conducted among parents of healthy children. Results In a total of 12 250 questionnaires, 11 697 had response,and 10 562 valid questionnaires were collected, and the effective recovery rate was 86.22%. After the birth of infants, the age of toilet training was divided into 6 groups（0 - 〈 3 months old group,3 - 〈 6 months old group,6 - 〈 12 months old group, 12 - 〈 18 months old group, 18 - 〈 24 months old group and no toilet training group）. Results showed that toilet training within 12 months leads to higher urinary control rate compared with toilet training after 12 months and no toilet training till the age of 2 years old,70.56% （4 831/6 847 cases） in contrast with 59.02% （ 1 545/2 618 cases） and 42.48% （466/1 097 eases）,and the differences were statistically significant （χ^2 = 114.76,335.48, all P 〈 0. 000 1 ）. Within 12 months, there was no statistical difference in the urinary control rate between subgroups at 2 years of age （all P 〉 0. 05）. After 12 months,the urination control rate decreased with the start time delayed till 2 years of age,and the urinary control rate at the age of 2 years old n different groups was 59.97% （1 314/2 191 cases） and 54.10% （231/427 cases） respectively. The results of other ages（0.5,1.0,1.5 years old） were similar to those of 2 years old. There was no difference between the groups of different genders （ all P 〉 0.05 ）. Conclusions The use of diapers in infants befnre the age of 1 year to start urinary training is conducive to the development of urinary control in infants.