眼前的田园与远方的山水——中国审美传统中自然元素的生成

Rural Scenery and Landscapes: Natural Elements in Traditional Chinese Aesthetics

中国传统审美中的自然元素,主要有田园和山水两类。田园的审美理想以农事为基础,但并不意味着田园完全被功利所桎梏,而是融入了追求自由的价值取向。山水的激赏热情则可以溯源到瑰丽的远方想象,但山水审美又并非完全脱离人遗世独立,而是融入了人感性情感的接引。虽然田园审美和山水审美其各自的展开轨迹有所差别,但是其精神属性是一致的,都是指向对"是其自是"的肯定和向往。天地万物都包含有活泼泼的生命、生意,这种生命、生意是最值得欣赏的。人们在这种欣赏中,体验到人与万物一体的境界,从而获得自由和澄明。用现代自然审美语境考量古典田园审美与山水审美,并不能完全契合,中国古典自然审美有着自身独特的意趣。

The natural elements in traditional Chinese aesthetics are mainly rural scenery and landscapes.Aesthetics ideal of rural scenery is on the basis of agriculture which is integrated into the values of pursuing freedom instead of being constrained with the complete utilitarian on agriculture.The ardors of appreciating landscapes can be traced back to the significant imagination.However,aesthetics of landscapes is not totally independent of our human beings,but combined with our emotional attachment.Although there are some differences on the opening traces of aesthetics of rural scenery and landscapes,they share the same spiritual attribute that aims at the affirmation and longing the ideal of"being their own".The universe contains vivid life and vitality deserving to be appreciated.In this appreciation,people can access to the realm of unity of all the entities and creatures,thus they can gain freedom and clarity.It is not completely suitable to appreciate the classic rural scenery and landscapes via the context of modern natural aesthetics for classic Chinese natural aesthetics has its own unique taste.