不同早期施肥模式对双季稻区机插晚稻养分与干物质积累及产量的影响

Effects of Different Early Fertilization Patterns on Nutrient and Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Machine-planted Late Rice in Double-cropping Rice Region

为了探明不同早期施肥模式对洞庭湖双季稻区机插晚稻养分、干物质积累及产量的影响,以不施肥为对照(CK),研究了基肥∶分蘖肥=5∶5(T1)、基肥∶分蘖肥=7∶3(T2)和轻简化一次性施肥(T3)等3种不同早期施肥模式,对机插晚稻干物质积累、产量构成和产量及养分积累的影响。结果表明:2个年份中,T2处理机插晚稻大田全生育期最短,均为98 d,T3处理大田生育期最长,分别为104 d和101 d; T2和T3处理株高最高,CK处理最矮;T2处理茎、叶和籽粒干物质积累量均明显高于T1、T3和CK处理。各处理产量表现为T2> T1> T3> CK,施肥各处理间晚稻产量差异不显著,其中T2处理最高,晚稻平均产量分别为8154 kg/hm2(2015)和6703. 5 kg/hm2(2016),比CK处理平均增产67. 36%和9. 16%。T2处理的植株对N、P、K素总积累量最高,T3处理次之,CK处理最低。因此,基于植株的干物质和养分积累、水稻产量等方面的情况,在洞庭湖双季稻区施用纯N 180 kg/hm2条件下,机插晚稻早期基肥与分蘖肥比例对物质积累与产量影响并不大。

In order to explore the effects of different early fertilization modes on the dry- matter accunmlation,yield compo- nents,yield and nutrients accunmlation of the late rice planted by machine in Dongting Lake double -cropping rice area, the different fertilization modes were including three treatments：no fertilizer input as a control （CK） , base fertilizer： tiller fertilizer = 5：5 （ T1 ）, base fertilizer： tiller fertilizer = 7：3 （ T2）, light simplified one - time fertilization （ T3 ）. The results showed that：the growth periods of late rice plant with T2 were all 98 d during 2015 and 2016 respectively;and the growth period of late rice plant with T3 treatment were 104 d and 101 d during the two years respectively. Plant height of late rice of T2 treatment was the highest,the plant height of CK was the lowest;the dry matter accumulation of all parts of the late rice plants of T2 was higher than those of T1 ,T3 and CK treatment. The yield order of late rice plant was T2 〉 T1 〉 T3 〉CK, but there were no significant differences. The yields of T2 were 8154 kg/hm^2 and 6541.5 kg/hm^2 respectively during the two years,compared with CK treatment,it increased by 62. 5% ,56. 8% （2015） and 6. 52% ,4. 08% （2016） respectively. The total accumulation of N, P and K were T2 〉 T3 〉 T1 〉 C K. In summary, based on the dry matter, nutrient accumulation, rice yield and other aspects of the situation, the ratio of base fertilizer and tiller fertilizer had not obvious effect on the material accumulation and yield of machine - transplanted late rice in Dongting Lake double - cropping rice area at level of pure N 180 kg/hm^2.