杜仲提取物对宁乡猪胴体性状和肉品质的影响

Effects of Eucommia Ulmoides Extract on Carcass Traits and Meat Quality of Ningxiang Pigs

试验旨在探究杜仲提取物对宁乡猪胴体性状及肉品质的影响。选择同栏舍、同批次、体重相近的健康宁乡阉母猪24头(体重均在43 kg左右),随机分为对照组(饲喂基础饲粮)和试验组(饲喂基础饲粮+杜仲提取物1 500 mg/kg),每组4个重复,每个重复3头。试验期60 d。饲养结束后,每个重复随机抽取1头宁乡阉母猪进行屠宰及肉质测定。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组中宁乡阉母猪的屠宰率提高1.53个百分点(P<0.05),体直长、斜长以及平均背膘厚等胴体性状之间没有显著差异(P>0.05);肌内脂肪含量提高2.41个百分点(P<0.05),剪切力降低13.11%(0.05<P<0.10),其余肉质指标间无显著差异(P>0.05);氨基酸指标间均无显著差异(P>0.05);在背最长肌脂肪酸指标中,试验组中亚油酸(18:2n6)、花生四烯酸(20:4n6)、多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的含量分别显著降低1.82、0.7、2.37个百分点(P<0.05),单不饱和脂肪酸的含量提高4.22%(P=0.076),其余脂肪酸指标间差异不显著(P>0.05);在脂肪代谢基因表达量中,脂肪甘油三酯脂肪酶(ATGL)、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)、肝X受体(LXR)、脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)为目的基因的表达量分别显著下调62.00%、76.00%、77.00%和82.00%(P<0.05),而对以过氧化酶活化增生受体(PPAR)为目的基因的表达量没有显著影响(P<0.05)。综上表明,饲粮中添加杜仲提取物1 500 mg/kg可以提高宁乡猪的屠宰率、肌内脂肪,降低肌肉中亚油酸、花生四烯酸、多不饱和脂肪酸的含量,对脂肪代谢相关基因的表达具有显著的抑制作用,表明在宁乡猪饲粮中添加杜仲提取物可以改善其胴体品质及肉品质。

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Eucommia ulmoides extract on carcass traits and meat quality of Ningxiang pigs.Twenty-four healthy calves of Ningxiang castrated sows were randomly divided into control group （fed basal diet） and trial group （fed basal diet＋1 500 mg/kg extract of Eucommia ulmoides） with 4 replicates in each group. Three sows were randomly selected for slaughtering and meat quality determination at the end of the experiment period（60 days） in each replica, and one castrated sows in Ningxiang was randomly selected for slaughtering and meat quality determination at the end of the experiment. The results showed that compared with the control group, the dressing percentage was increased by 1.53 percentage points（P〈0.05）, the carcass traits such as straight length, oblique length and average backfat thickness were not significantly different（P〉0.05）, but intramuscular fat content was increased by 2.41 percentage points（P〈0.05）, shear stress was decreased by 13.11%（0.05〈P〈0.10）. There was no significant difference（P〉0.05） and no significant difference in amino acid indexes（P〉0.05）. In the index of longissimus dorsi fatty acid, there was no significant difference（P〉0.05）. The contents of linoleic acid（18∶2n6）, arachidonic acid（20∶4n6） and polyunsaturated fatty acid （PUFA） decreased by 1.82, 0.7, 2.37 percentage points, respectively, while the content of monounsaturated fatty acid increased by 4.22% （P=0.076）. In the mount of gene expression of fatty metabolism, the expression of fatty triglyceride lipase （ATGL）, acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase （ACC）, liver X receptor （LXR） and fatty acid synthase（FAS）were significantly down-regulated by 62.00%, 76.00%, 77.00% and 82.00% respectively（P〈0.05）. There was no significant difference in the expression of（PPAR） gene between the two groups（P〉0.05）. The results showed that 1 500 mg/kg Eucommia ulmoides extract could increase the dressing percentage and intramuscular fat of Ningxiang pigs, and decrease the contents of linoleic acid, arachidonic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid in muscle. The results showed that the addition of Eucommia ulmoides extract could improve the carcass quality and meat quality of Ningxiang pigs.