振动杆训练对射箭运动员发射技术动作稳定性的研究

Effects of Vibrating Arm Training on the Stability of Launching Technique of Elite Archers

目的:探讨振动杆训练对精英射箭运动员发射技术动作时肩关节稳定性的影响。方法:筛选26名精英射箭运动员,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组13名。对照组只进行常规射箭力量训练,实验组在常规射箭力量训练的基础上还进行振动杆训练(30min/次,3次/周,共8周)。所有运动员在训练前及训练8周后分别采用等速肌力检测与训练系统测试双侧肩关节前屈/后伸、外展/内收、肩胛骨平面外展45°时外旋/内旋向心性收缩运动的峰值力矩;使用表面肌电图记录双侧前锯肌、上斜方肌、中斜方肌、下斜方肌、菱形肌和肩胛下肌的s EMG信号;采用OSIS评估振动杆训练对射箭运动员发射技术动作时肩部稳定性的影响。结果:训练8周后,仅实验组双侧肩关节向心性收缩峰值力矩、双侧肩关节s EMG肌肉活性及OSIS评分均较训练前明显提高(P <0. 05)。组间比较时,实验组的肩关节向心性收缩峰值力矩、双侧肩关节s EMG肌肉活性、OSIS评分与对照组比较,均具有显著性差异(P <0. 05)。结论:应用振动杆训练能显著加强射箭运动员肩关节周围肌肉力量,提高肩胛骨主要稳定肌的激活水平,可作为射箭运动员发射技术动作时肩关节稳定性的一种有效锻炼方法。

Objective： This study aims to investigate the effects of combined exercise with a vibrating arm training on nmsele strength, nmsele activation, and stability in shoulder joint of elite archers. Methods： A total of 26 elite archers participated in this study, and divided randomly into groups of 13 as the control group and the experimental group （vibrating arm training group）. Both the experimental group and control group were treated with a specific training program of archers. In addition, the experimental group performed combined exercise with a vibrating arm training （30min/session, 3 sessions/week, 8 weeks）. The isokinetie muscle testing and training system was used to measure the bilateral shoulder joint flexion, extension, abduction, adduetion, external and internal rotation in abduction 45° （ scapula plane） muscle strength. At the same time, the surface electromyography （sEMG） was used to measure the muscle activation of bilateral serratus anterior muscle, upper trapezius muscle, middle trapezius muscle, lower trapezius muscle, rhomboideus and subseapularis. And the Oxford Shoulder Instability Questionnaire （OSIS） was measured the shoulder stability before and after 8 weeks training. Results： Subjects of the experimental group showed significant differences in muscle strength （peak torque, PT） , and muscle activation, OSIS scores after 8 weeks training （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Additionally, as compared with the control group, there were significant differences in the nmsele strength and nmsele activity, OSIS score in the experimental group （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： These results indicate that combined exercise with a vibrating ann training is effective in improving muscle strength, significantly increasing the muscle activation level and stability in shoulder joint of elite archers.