中国科技成果转化40年

The 40 Years of Science and Technological Achievements Transformation in China

本文以10年为一个阶段,对改革开放40年以来中国科技成果转化的历程及重要事件进行了系统梳理。在第一个10年里,国家实施若干科技计划加强科技成果推广应用,大力发展技术市场,支持科技人员合理流动等,促进科技与经济的结合,呈现全面开花的态势。在第二个10年里,引入高新区、企业孵化器、生产力促进中心三类促进科技成果转化的载体,完善软环境,支持中小企业技术创新等,科技成果转化在各个方面都得到深化。在第三个10年里,实施国家技术创新工程和税收优惠政策等措施推动科技成果转化,科技成果转化呈现加速发展的态势。在第四个10年里,国家实施创新驱动发展战略,突破了科技成果转化的体制机制制约。以40年的长跨度来观察并总结中国科技成果转化的做法与经验,对于今后如何更好地推进科技成果转化,具有一定的指导意义。

This paper has systematically sorted the process and key events of science and technology achievements transformation in Chi-na within the past 40 years since the reform and opening up policy was conducted. The analysis process was divided into 4 phases, each including 10 years. In the first ten years, a number of scientific and technological national plans were carried out to strengthen the appli-cation of scientific and technological achievements, vigorously develop the technology market, and support the rational flow of scientific and technological personnel and so on, so as to promote the combination of science and technology and economy. All measures applied in this phase presented in a blossoming trend. During the second decade, three carriers of the science and technology achievements transformation, including high-tech zones, business incubators and productivity promotion center, were introduced to improve the soft environment and support the technological innovation of small and medium enterprises, etc. All measures as above have deepened vari-ous aspects of the science and technology achievements transformation. In the third ten years, national technological innovation projects,tax preferential policies and other relevant national polices were implemented to promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, forming a trend of accelerating development. In the fourth decade, national innovation driven development strategy was implemented to break through the institutional constraints of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. It is of cer-tain guiding significance to observe and summarize the practices and experiences from science and technology achievements transforma-tion in China within the past long span of forty years for future reference in this field.