经济集聚、空间结构与城市创新--基于233个地级及以上城市数据的实证研究

Economic Agglomeration,Spatial Structure and Urban Innovation——An Empirical Study Based on Data of 233 Cities at the Prefecture Level and Above in China

本文利用校正后的DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据,从城市维度实证考察经济集聚、空间结构与技术创新能力的链式反应关系。结论显示:经济集聚与技术创新能力之间呈正U型关系,但总体来看经济集聚的边际创新效应递增;城市的单中心结构与技术创新之间呈倒U型关系,最优空间结构的赫芬达尔—赫希曼指数值约为0.423;经济集聚与空间结构的交互效应为负,抑制创新的"拥挤效应"会出现在集聚程度高的单中心结构城市,但集聚度较低的多中心城市也不利于创新。由此得到政策含义十分明显:考虑到经济集聚度越高越有利于技术创新,不宜过分强调"城市病"而控制大城市规模;注重城市经济集聚度与空间结构的合理匹配,引导中小城市走紧凑式空间发展道路,适度推动大城市的郊区化发展。

Using the corrected DMSP/OLS data, this paper empirically examines the chain reaction of economic agglomeration, spatial structure and technological innovation in the urban dimension. The results show that there is an U-shaped relationship between economic agglomeration and technological innovation, but generally, the marginal innovation output of agglomeration is increasing. There is an in-verted U-shaped relationship between Space Herfindahl-Hirschman Index and technological innovation. The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index of the optimal spatial structure is about 0. 423 ; The interaction effect between economic agglomeration and spatial structure is negative, and the ＂ crowding-in effect ＂ of restraining innovation appears in a single-center structured city with a high degree of agglomeration. However, the less agglomerated polycentric city is not conducive to innovation. Therefore, the policy meaning is obvious： in order to make use of the incremental innovation effect of agglomeration, we should not overemphasize the＂ urban disease＂ to control the scale of the big cities ; we should pay attention to the reasonable match between urban economic agglomeration and the spatial structure, guide the small and medium-sized cities to take the compact space development mode as well as moderately promote the Suburban development of big cities.