家宅“六神”信仰流变考

Investigation into Changeable Beliefs of Household“Six gods”

民间俗神芜杂众多,其中家宅"六神"与人们的生老病死、衣食住行密切相关。这六位神灵源自于商周时期的"五祀""七祀",最初是皇家贵族供奉的神祇,在历经了漫长的礼仪下行的过程后,于元、明、清时进入百姓的日常生活,成为普通民众的家宅保护神——门神、奥神、财神、灶神、宅神、井神。在元杂剧、宝卷、神马里留有大量的信息,至今民间依然奉祀。

There are many various folk gods among which the household ＂six gods＂ that relate to our livings closely. The six gods comefrom ＂five worship＂ and ＂seven worship＂ in Shang and Zhou dynasty. At the very beginning they are the deities consecrated by theroyal nobles and always changeable in Han, Tang, Song and ＇ring dynasty. They have gone through a long process of etiquette down andcame into our daily life in Yuan, Ming and Ting dynasty and acts as the protection god in our average family, that is, the door-god, thestink-god, the fortune-god, the kitchen-god, the household-god and the well-god. Much information can be found in Yuan Zaju, BaoJuan and Shen Ma which are still blessed in the folk.The investigation of the changes in the beliefs of the ＂six gods＂ of the householdnot only provides insight into the content of the social changes accumulated in the process of evolution, but also can be used totmderstand the spiritual world of the villagers.