乳山方言特殊比较句的类型学研究

A Typological Study of Special Comparative Sentences in Rushan Dialect

乳山方言中共存在三种比较句类型:"SJ+M+ST+A(M=比、赶上)"、"SJ+A+M+ST(M=起)"和"SJ+A+0+ST(比较标记为零形式)"。其中,与普通话不同的两种特殊的比较句为"赶"字句和"起"字句,具有独特的类型学研究价值。文章从类型学的研究视角出发,分别从肯定式和否定式两种情况对其进行了细致的描写,并结合共时与历时研究,将其同普通话"比"字句进行了详尽的对比分析,得出三者在语序、比较标记、否定焦点和适用范围等四方面的异同,深入探讨其在汉语比较句语序类型学研究中的价值。

There are three types of comparative sentences in Rushan dialect：＂ SJ＋M＋ST＋A（M=比、赶上）＂ ,＂ SJ＋A＋M＋ST（M=起）＂ and ＂ SJ＋A＋0＋ST（The comparative marker is zero. ）＂ . Among them, two special comparative sentences, which are different from mandarin, are the sentence ＂赶＂ and the sentence ＂起＂ , and they have unique typology research value. Starting from the view of typology, this thesis described respectively from affirmative form and negative form two cases, and combining with Synchronic study and diachronic study, has carried on the detailed comparison and analysis with the mandarin sentence ＂比＂ . It is concluded that differences between the three in order, comparative markers, negative focus and the scope of application, and explored its value in the studyof comparative sentences＇ order typology in Chinese.