合成毒品滥用人群中不安全性行为与艾滋病预防措施状况分析

Risk sexual behaviors and prevention of aids among synthetic drug users

目的:研究合成毒品滥用人群中不安全性行为特征,分析我国五个省市合成毒品滥用人群艾滋病预防措施的状况。方法:采用自拟调查问卷于2013年3月-2015年12月对北京、上海、云南、广东和湖南等地的强制隔离戒毒机构中的合成毒品滥用者进行问卷调查,了解该人群中不安全性行为特征及对艾滋病预防措施的利用状况。结果:人口学特征:本研究共纳入11 597名合成毒品滥用者,其中以男性(87.4%)、汉族(79.6%)、初中及以下学历(76.0%)、未婚(45.1%)、无业(41.7%)、青年人(平均年龄为33.1 a±8.8 a)为主。不安全性行为情况:使用合成毒品后,38.6%的滥用者性活动频率增加,在过去一年中,58.8%的合成毒品滥用者使用毒品后与多人发生性关系。与固定性伴发生关系时,38.2%的滥用者从不使用安全套,仅有13.5%的滥用者每次都使用安全套;与非固定性伴发生关系时,18.0%的滥用者从不使用安全套,32.1%的滥用者每次都使用安全套。4.9%的滥用者曾经与同性发生过性关系。毒品危害与艾滋病预防措施利用度:在获得毒品和艾滋病预防措施的情况中,(1)接收宣传教育方面,近一半的新型毒品滥用者接收到"海洛因等毒品危害"和"新型毒品危害"的宣传教育,分别占49.4%和47.8%,另外,有38.9%的滥用者接收到"艾滋病性病防治宣传材料"。(2)艾滋病干预措施方面,35.9%的合成毒品滥用者接受过"艾滋病咨询或检测",此外,分别有31.5%和30.9%的合成毒品滥用者接受过"安全套发放"和"同伴教育"。(3)性病艾滋病检查方面,有27.9%的合成毒品滥用者接受过"性病检查或治疗",在过去一年中,38.8%的合成毒品滥用者进行过艾滋病检测。结论:合成毒品滥用者中发生不安全性行为比例较高,但接受过艾滋病预防干预措施的比例却不容乐观。研究提示相关部门在采取综合措施控制合成毒品滥用的同时,应积极开展有关合成毒品与艾滋病服务的预防干预活动,从而控制合成毒品滥用人群中艾滋病等性传播疾病的感染与传播。

Objective： To study the characteristics of sexual behaviors and the utilization of prevention measures of AIDS among synthetic drug users in 5 provinces in China.Methods： A research was carried out with a self-designed questionnaire for synthetic drug users in compulsory detoxification centers in Beijing,Shanghai, Yunnan, Guangdong and Hunan from March 2013 to December 2015. We investigated and analyzed unprotected sexual behaviors and utilization of prevention measures of AIDS among synthetic drug users.Results： Demographic characteristics： 11 597 synthetic drug users were mainly male（ 87. 4%）,Han ethnicity（ 79. 6%）,educated below middle schools（ 76. 0%）,unmarried（ 45. 1%）,unemployed（ 41. 7%）,and their mean age was 33. 1 a ± 8. 8 a. Unprotected sexual behaviors： After using synthetic drugs,38. 6% of drug users increased their frequency of sexual behaviors,and 58. 8% of them had sexual behaviors with multiple partners during the past year. When having sexual intercourse with steady partners,only 13. 5% of participants used condoms each time,while 38. 2% of them never used condoms. When having sexual intercourse with casual partners,32. 1%of participants used condoms each time,and 18. 0% of them never used condoms. In addition,4. 9% of synthetic drug users had homosexual behaviors. Harm of synthetic drugs and the utilization of prevention measures of AIDS：（ 1） Received educational propaganda： Almost half of synthetic drug users received the educational propaganda of ＂Harm of Heroin＂and ＂Harm of Synthetic Drugs＂,accounting for 49. 4%and 47. 8%, respectively. Additionally, 38. 9% of them received the AIDS prevention publicity materials.（ 2） Intervention of AIDS： 35. 9% of participants had access to the ＂Counseling and Testing of HIV＂,and only 31. 5% and 30. 9% of them had been provided with condoms and had received ＂Peer Education＂,respectively.（ 3） Examination of HIV/Sexually transmitted diseases（ STD） ： 27. 9% of participants received the ＂Examination/Treatment of STD＂,and 38. 8% of them had HIV testing during past year.Conclusion： The proportion of unprotected sexual behaviors was high among synthetic drug users,while the proportion of participants who received the intervention of AIDS is needed to be increased. It is high time for our government to take comprehensive measures to control synthetic drug abuse,and carry out more preventive interventions to prevent HIV infection and transmission among synthetic drug users.