外泌体及其在肝脏相关疾病中的作用

Exosome and its role in liver diseases

外泌体是大多数细胞能分泌的膜状囊泡，其包含的蛋白质、miRNA、mRNA等在细胞间信息传递中起着非常重要的作用。肝实质细胞、肝星状细胞、成人肝干细胞以及肝窦内皮细胞都能释放和接受外泌体。肝炎病毒（HBV、HCV等）感染肝细胞后，外泌体能够携带肝脏细胞内的某些核酸、蛋白，甚至某些病毒成分在肝实质（或非实质）细胞之间传递，从而影响疾病的进展。此外，外泌体也能影响肝纤维化、肝脏肿瘤的发生发展。因此，研究外泌体及其内容物，对寻找肝脏疾病相关的生物学标志物，甚至分子靶向治疗位点以及基因疫苗，都有着十分重要的意义。

Exosome is the membrane vesicle secreted by most cells. The contained proteins, miRNA and mRNA, which are involved in the transmission of information between ceils, play a very important role. Liver parenchymal cells, hepatic stellate cells, adult liver stem cells and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells can release and accept exosomes. A number of studies have shown that after hepatitis virus （HBV, HCV, etc.） infection, exosomes can transfer certain nucleic acids and proteins in liver cells, and even some viral components between liver （non） parenchymal cells, so as to affect the disease progression. In ad~!ition, exosomes can also affect the development of hepatic fibrosis and liver tumors. Therefore, it is of great significance to study exosomes and their contents for searching biomarkers related to liver diseases, even molecularly targeted therapeutic sites and gene vaccines.