腐熟秸秆对植烟土壤理化性质和酶活性的影响

Influence of Rotten Straw on Physical and Chemical Properties and Enzyme Acitivity of Soil

为探究施用腐熟秸秆对植烟土壤理化性质和酶活性的影响,采用田间试验研究了不同梯度腐熟秸秆对植烟土壤容重、含水率、速效养分、酶活性的影响。结果表明:(1)腐熟秸秆对降低土壤容重,提高含水率具有显著作用。在移栽后30 d,T3土壤容重达到最低值1.07 g/cm^3,比对照降低了13.01%。(2)随着腐熟秸秆施用量的增加,植烟土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾的供应量显著提高,其中T2、T3效果显著优于对照。(3)腐熟秸秆可以提高植烟土壤脲酶、纤维素酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶活性。在45 d,土壤脲酶活性达到最大值,T2、T3脲酶活性分别比对照提高了26.29%、21.86%;在30 d,纤维素酶活性都达到最大值,T2、T3纤维素酶活性分别比对照提高了132.67%、111.83%;在60 d,土壤蔗糖酶活性达到最大值,T3土壤蔗糖酶活性比对照提高了29.23%;在45 d,土壤过氧化氢酶活性达到最大值,T3土壤过氧化氢酶活性比对照提高了25.71%。综合来看,施用腐熟秸杆对改善植烟土壤理化性质、提高土壤肥力、增强土壤酶活性有积极作用,T3(11 250 kg/hm^2)可以作为河南烟区腐熟秸秆参考量。

In order to explore the influence of rotten straw on soil physical and chemical properties and enzyme activity,this paper studied the effects of rotten straw with different gradients on volume-weight,moisture content,available nutrient and enzyme activity of tobacco-planting soil by field experiments. The results showed that：（1）Rotten straw had remarkable effects on decreasing soil volume-weight and increasing soil moisture content. At 30 d after transplanting,soil volume-weight of T3 treatment reached the lowest value of 1. 07 g/cm3,13.01% lower than that of the contrast.（2） With the increasing of rotten straw dosage,the supply of alkali-hydrolysable,available phosphorus,available potassium in tobacco-planting soil were significantly increased. Among them,the effects of T2 and T3 were espcially better than that of the contrast.（3） Rotten straw could improve the activities of urease,cellulase,sucrase,catalase of tobacco-planting soil. At 45 d,the soil urease activity reached the maximum value,and the urease activities of T2 and T3 increased by 26. 29% and 21. 86% than that of the contrast,respectively. At30 d,cellulase activity reached the maximum value,the cellulase activities of T2 and T3 increased by 132.67% and111.83% than that of the contrast,respectively. At 60 d,the soil sucrase activity reached the maximum value,and soil sucrase activity of T3 increased by 29.23% than that of the contrast. At 45 d,the soil catalase activity reached the maximum value,and soil catalase activity of T3 increased by 25. 71% than that of the contrast. Taken together,applying rotten straw was helpful for improving physical and chemical properties, increasing soil fertility and strengthening enzyme activity of tobacco-planted soil. T3（ 11 250 kg/hm2） clould be used as a reference quantity of rotten straw in tobacco-growing areas of Henan province.