汉英动词语义功能负荷量研究

The semantic functional load of Chinese and English verbs

本文基于"力动态传递"理论和详尽语料分析,聚焦考察汉英动词语义功能负荷量的概貌异同,并试图作出认知语义阐释。汉英动词语义功能负荷量是"大同小异","大同"体现在语义功能负荷量分布不均,有向矢量动词占主导地位,单向矢量动词远多于双向矢量动词,其中右向矢量动词为主,左向矢量动词为辅;"小异"表现为汉语动词呈现"形义多容模式",其矢量方向模糊,常呈放射状,英语动词呈现"形义分立模式",其矢量方向明确,常呈线条状。汉英动词语义功能负荷量异同来自汉英民族对力的传递之识解和语言特质异同。

Based on ＂Force Dynamics＂ and rich corpus data,this paper explores the similarities and differences in terms of the semantic functional load of Chinese and English verbs.The study finds that their semantic functional load is largely identical but with minor differences.The Chinese and English verbs are not evenly distributed and directional verbs are dominant,where one-way verbs are much more than bidirectional verbs;in the one-way vector verb,the right-vector verbs are more frequent than the left-vector verbs;the vector direction of Chinese verbs is ambiguous and often radiant,while the vector direction of English verbs is concrete and often linear.Their similarities and differences result from different construal on force transmission and language peculiarity of Chinese and English nations.