新疆吸毒人员艾滋病感染状况及危险行为调查

Survey of HIV infection and risk behaviors among drug users in Xinjiang

目的了解新疆吸毒人员HIV感染现状及其影响因素、高危行为及近年来的变化趋势,为今后艾滋病防治工作提供参考依据。方法 2016年6—10月开展新疆乌鲁木齐市天山区和水磨沟区、伊宁市、库车县吸毒人员的横断面调查,包括问卷调查和HIV检测;计算不同特征吸毒人员HIV感染率,采用非条件Logistic回归分析HIV感染危险因素。结果调查对象首次吸毒的平均年龄(35.35±8.64)岁,吸食毒品的种类以传统毒品为主,但近年来新型毒品的使用有上升趋势,吸毒人员中注射吸毒占77.5%、共针比例18.7%,随着吸毒年限的延长,注射吸毒和共针比例增大,本次调查吸毒人群HIV感染率为25.3%;共用针具(a OR=17.91)是吸毒人员HIV感染最主要的危险因素,其次是注射吸毒(a OR=12.84)和吸毒年限长(a OR=3.26和3.47),接受过针具交换服务的吸毒者感染HIV风险低于未接受者(R=0.65),维吾尔族和其他少数民族吸毒者感染HIV风险高于汉族的主要原因是该人群共用针具的比例高(χ2=17.81,P<0.001)。结论新疆针对吸毒人群开展的干预工作虽然有效,但不能掉以轻心;共用针具是吸毒人员HIV感染最主要、最直接的危险因素,新型毒品的兴起和使用应引起关注。

Objective To understand the current HIV infection and its influencing factors, high-risk behaviors and the changing trend in recent years among drug users in Xinjiang, and provide reference for AIDS prevention and control in future.Methods A cross-sectional survey, including questionnaire survey and HIV test was conducted among drug users in both Tianshan and Shuimogou districts of Urumqi, Yining city and Kuche county from June to October, 2016. The HIV infection rate of the drug users with different characteristics was calculated and the risk factors of HIV infection were analyzed with non-conditional Logistic regression model. Results The average age of the subjects taking drugs for the first time was35.35 ± 8.64 years, the types of drugs were mainly traditional drugs, but the new-type drug abuse was increasing in recent years. The injecting drug user（IDU） accounted for 77.5% in the subjects with sharing needle ratio of 18.7%. The proportions of injecting drugs and sharing needles increased as the duration of drugs abuse. The HIV infection rate was 25.3% in the subjects. The top risk factor was sharing needles（a OR=17.91）, then followed by injecting drug use（a OR=12.84） and the duration of drug abuse（a OR=3.26 and 3.47）. The risk of HIV infection was lower in drug users received the service of needle exchange than in those didn＇t receive the same service（R=0.65）. The risk of HIV infection was higher in Uygur and other minorities than in Han drug users due to the high proportion of sharing needles（χ2=17.81, P〈0.001）. Conclusions The intervention in drug users is effective in Xinjiang, but it should not be taken lightly. Sharing needles is the most important and direct risk factor for HIV infection among drug users. Attention should be paid to the rise and abuse of new-type drugs.