民营与国有孵化器服务模式比较分析

A comparison of the service model between private and state-owned enterprise incubators

客观了解孵化服务业的真实状况,有助于该领域的机制改革和政策制定并有效推动其市场化发展。论文对上海的科技企业孵化器进行了问卷调查,重点比较分析民营孵化器与国有孵化器在基础服务、辅导服务、专业服务、融资服务等四大类服务的覆盖率以及在孵企业对孵化器营造之创业环境的满意率。采用总体比例之差z检验的统计方法对两类孵化器之间差异的显著性进行了假设检验,全方位深入分析了服务模式的异同性及背后原因。检验结果显示,两类孵化器在基础服务和融资服务上存在显著差异,国有孵化器占据先天优势,强于提供优惠政策服务并引入更多风投;民营孵化器生存压力较大,采用错位竞争与差异化策略,在办公环境、创业氛围、租金优惠、引入天使投资等方面表现更佳。两类孵化器存在若干共性问题,硬件服务有余而软性服务不足,基础服务有余而专业服务不足,物理环境营造有余而资金支持不足。

It is essential to understand the actual situation of incubator service industry on its way of marketization with effective impetus from mechanism reformation and government policy-making. A questionnaire survey is conducted for the incubators in Shanghai,which is followed by a series of data processing and statistical analysis on the service coverage and service satisfaction at the main businesses such as basic services,guidance services,professional services,financing services and environments construction. Some Z-tests are conducted to widely test the difference between private and state-owned incubators and the reasons behind as well. The test results show that the two kinds of incubators differ significantly in basic services and financing services.The state-owned incubators,which own congenital advantage,are generally better in providing preferential policy services and introducing more venture capitals. However,private incubators,which have to adopt dislocation competition and differentiation strategy under heavy survival pressure,are better in providing smart office environment,good entrepreneurial atmosphere,big rent concessions,and introducing more angel capitals. On the other hand,a number of identical phenomena exist between the two kinds of incubators,such as overmuch hardware services and inadequate soft services,overmuch basic services and inadequate professional services,and overmuch physical environment and insufficient financial support.