海南油茶种实数量性状多样性评价

The quantitative characters and diversity of oiltea fruit in Hainan province

为给海南省油茶资源分类及资源开发利用提供参考依据,以分布于海南省9个县(市)20个乡镇的21个老油茶林分为研究对象,对其油茶种实的10个数量性状指标进行了观测,并对其种实数量性状的变异系数、差异性、相关性及多样性指数进行了分析。测定结果表明:海南油茶的平均单果质量为42.46 g,最大单果质量为156.87 g,其单果质量较集中分布于28.21~39.07 g这一等级内,其平均鲜出籽率为32.87%,最高可达52.00%,大部分在25.45%~39.61%的范围内;海南油茶种实数量性状变异大,大多数性状表现出显著或极显著的差异,10个种实数量性状的平均变异系数为29.36%,而其果实横径、果实纵径和果形指数的变异系数均小于20%;其种实数量性状类型丰富且均匀度较高,平均多样性指数为2.749 9。分析结果表明:部分海南油茶种实性状间存在显著相关性;海南油茶资源在果实性状方面与高州油茶Camellia vietnamensis较为接近,海南油茶可能是高州油茶适应海南环境的生态型;海南油茶资源存在丰富的遗传变异,这是海南油茶良种选育的良好种质资源基础。

In order to be evaluated systemically oiltea resources, the diversity of the 10 fruit quantitative traits of 21 oiltea populations in Hainan province was analyzed. The results showed that the fresh single fruit for oiltea resource of Hainan was weighted most from 28.21 g to 39.07 g with the average 42.46 g and the biggest of 156.87 g, of which the fresh seed yield was most from 25.45% to 39.61% with the average 32.87% and the biggest of 52.00%. A wide phenotype variation of fruit quantitative characters with a significant or extremely significant differences within or belong populations was presented, the average variation coefficient of 10 fruit quantitative traits was 29.36% from 21 populations, in which the variation coefficients of fruit equatorial diameter, longitude diameter and fruit shape index were less than 20%. The fruit quantitative characters of oiltea resources in Hainan were rich and high uniformity, with the average Shannon-Wiener diversity index of 2.749 9. The oiltea resources of Hainan is close to Camellia vietnamensis on fruit characters. So the Hainan oiltea may be the ecotype of Camellia vietnamensis. It was suggested that there were significant differences for the oiltea resources in Hainan, which can be a good foundation for fine breeding of Hainan oiltea local variety. This study would provide theoretical and technical foundation for further classification and resource utilization of oiltea resources in Hainan.