麻竹开花不孕发育过程及育性调控研究

Study on the flowering sterility development process and fertility regulation of Dendrocalamus latiflorus

为探讨麻竹开花不育机理,开展育性调控,有效提高麻竹结实率,采用野外观察麻竹花形态、扫描电镜观察花粉形态及外源激素调控开花结实等方法,对麻竹开花不孕发育过程及育性调控进行研究。结果表明:麻竹花为假花序,颖花,闭合型;花期为每年的4—11月;花粉粒平均直径为27.1μm,萌发孔外孔径平均为3.83μm,内孔径直径平均为1.96μm。种子为坚果状颖果,卵球形,长0.55~0.86 mm,直径2.22~3.35 mm。麻竹开花不育有3个重要原因:(1)雌雄蕊无法同时间内授粉;(2)小花柱头生长不良;(3)花粉日照易失水。麻竹开花结实率受外界因素影响,生长素调控可以促进麻竹结实,获取种子。

To explore the mechanism of flowering sterility of bamboos and carry out fertility regulation, which has important guiding significance for improving the seed setting rate of bamboos effectively. Through the observation of Dendrocalamus latiflorus morphology, scanning electron microscope observation of pollen morphology and exogenous hormone regulation and methods of fertility regulation and development of bamboo flowering process of infertility. Dendrocalamus latiflorus morphology flowers for order, floret, closed type; pollen grain average diameter is 27.1 μm, the germination hole aperture averaging 3.83 μm, average diameter of 1.96 μm in diameter; seed nutlike caryopsis, ovoid, long 0.55 mm-0.86 mm, diameter of 2.22-3.35 mm; bamboo open sterile flowers are important for 3 reasons： pistil cannot at the same time self pollination; flower stigma pollen poor growth; sunshine easy dehydration; auxin regulation can promote bamboo seed. Bamboo flowering rate is affected by external factors, through artificial hormone regulation, obtain seed.