中国全球制造业创新中心的建设:科技创新与GIP函数的视角

Construction of China's Global Manufacturing Innovation Center: The Perspective of Technological Innovation and Geographical Innovation Production Function

创新是中国制造业转型发展的动力源泉,要依靠创新促进中国制造业从制造业集聚的世界工厂(全球制造业中心)转向全球制造业创新中心。从三个方面探讨中国由世界工厂(全球制造业中心)成为全球制造业创新中心的转变机制。首先,中国制造业已经成为世界工厂(全球制造业中心),这有助于相关科技活动的发展;其次,中国制造业与科技创新活动之间形成正反馈效应的创新系统;最后,由封闭走向开放式创新体系的多要素共同决定中国的创新产出,决定中国全球制造业创新中心的建立。结合2002-2017年我国29个省的面板数据,采用递归方法(recursive regression)对地理创新生产函数(Geographical Innovation Production Function,简称GIP函数)进一步扩展,结果显示:中国制造业世界工厂(全球制造业中心)积极促进了企业R&D等科技活动;科技活动与制造业之间相互影响,但正反馈效果不明显;开放条件下相关科技活动和国际技术溢出、区域技术溢出等因素与创新产出是正相关的,而R&D人员投入与创新产出之间呈负相关,其效果还有待加强。

Innovation is the power source of China＇s manufacturing industry development.To adhere to innovation as the core to promote the transformation of manufacturing industry development,the implementation of China from the world of manufacturing industry agglomeration factory shift to a global innovation center.China＇s innovation as a global manufacturing center depends on technological innovation.In order to discuss the construction of China＇s manufacturing industry from the world factory（global manufacturing center）to the global innovation center,this paper demonstrates the construction from three aspects.First,China＇s manufacturing industry has become the world factory（global manufacturing center）,which is conducive to the development of related scientific and technological activities.Secondly,an innovative system that has a positive feedback effect between manufacturing and technological innovation in China;Finally,the multiple elements from the closed to the open innovation system jointly determine China＇s innovation output and the establishment of the global innovation center of China＇s manufacturing industry.Combined with panel data of 29 provinces in China from 2002 to 2017 and expand Geographical Innovation Production Function（GIP） by using recursive regessions.The results demonstrate that,the world factory（global manufacturing center）of China＇s manufacturing industry actively promoted scientific and technological activities such as enterprise RD.Science and technology activities and manufacturing industry influence each other,but the positive feedback effect is not obvious.Under the open conditions,relevant scientific and technological activities and international technology spillovers,regional technology spillovers and other factors are positively correlated with innovation output,while RD personnel＇s input and innovation output are negatively correlated,and their effects need to be strengthened.