社会保障满意度上升后,创业意愿会更强吗?——基于CGSS2015数据的实证分析

Will the Entrepreneurial Willingness be Stronger after the Increase of Social Security Satisfaction?An Empirical Analysis Based on Data CGSS2015

文章基于计划行为理论,提出社会保障满意度、企业家精神(冒险精神和创新精神)和创业意愿之间的理论关系,通过我国1154名微观个体的样本数据进行实证分析。实证检验结果显示:(1)社会保障满意度对创业意愿具有显著的抑制作用;(2)冒险精神和创新精神对创业意愿具有显著的正向影响;(3)冒险精神在社会保障满意度与创业意愿间具有部分中介效应;(4)个体的性别和年龄异质性对创业意愿、企业家精神均有显著影响,且女性创业意愿最高水平的维持时间约比男性少10年,两性的冒险精神和创新精神在45-54岁以后趋于稳定,65岁以后个体的社会保障满意度维持不变。东中西部的创业率反应了我国创业驱动力主要源于需求驱动。研究结果对我国政府提供和制定有关创业保护措施和激励政策有重要意义,对研究者们更多地关注社会保障服务与创业间的关系研究具有重要促进作用。

Grounded in planned behavior theory, this paper proposes a theoretical relationship between social security satisfaction, entrepreneurship（risk-taking spirit and innovative spirit） and entrepreneurial willingness. In addition, the paper analyzes the sample data of 1154 microscopic individuals in China. The empirical results are shown below.（1） Social security satisfaction has a significant negative effect on entrepreneurial willingness.（2） Risk-taking spirit and innovative spirit have a significant positive influence on entrepreneurial willingness.（3） Risktaking spirit has a partial mediating effect between social security satisfaction and entrepreneurial willingness.（4） The heterogeneity of individual gender and age has a significant impact on entrepreneurial willingness and entrepreneurship. In addition, the highest level of women＇s entrepreneurial willingness is maintained about less 10 years than that of men. The level of risk-taking spirit and innovative spirit of the sexes tend towards stability after the age of 45 to 54. What＇s more, the individual satisfaction with social security remains unchanged after the age of 65. Finally, the entrepreneurial rate in the eastern, central and western regions reflects that the entrepreneurship is mainly driven by demand. The results of this study are of great significance to our government in providing and formulating relevant entrepreneurial protection and incentive policies. It is important for researchers to pay more attention to research on the relationship between social security services and entrepreneurship.