西藏芜菁改善运动员低氧耐受性的人体试验

Human Trials of Tibetan Turnip on Promoting Athletes' Tolerant Ability to Hypoxia

目的:系统研究西藏芜菁微粉及其饮料对运动员低氧耐受性及心肺功能的影响。方法:以芜菁微粉及其饮料为试验材料,进行为期7 d的人体试食试验。选取16~22岁的体校学生8名,随机分为微粉组(2男,2女)和饮料组(2男,2女),每日分两次各服用芜菁微粉7.5 g或分3次各服用芜菁饮料1瓶(268 mL×3)。试食试验前、后分别进行低氧反应测试(模拟7 500 m海拔高度,氧含量7.1%)和运动心肺功能测试(Bruce方案)。同步抽取受试者空腹及运动心肺功能测试后的血样,进行抗氧化指标、血生化、血常规分析,对数据进行试食前、后的自身对比分析。结果表明,服用芜菁试样7 d后,7/8的受试者低氧反应测试中Sp O2明显提升,3/5的受试者低氧反应症状得到有效缓解;心肺功能测试中,运动持续时间(DE)、运动代谢当量(METs)、肺通气能力(VT)和摄氧能力(最大摄氧量、最大公斤摄氧量、最大氧脉搏)均有一定的提升,且机体无氧阈(AT)出现时间分别延后63 s(微粉组)和80 s(饮料组)。此外,芜菁试样还能提高机体SOD活性,降低MDA含量。受试者试食试验前、后血生化及血常规的所有指标均无显著变化(P>0.05)。结论:西藏芜菁能有效提升运动员的低氧耐受性,改善心肺功能,其作用机制与促进机体氧的摄入和利用,增强机体抗氧化能力等有关。

Tibetan turnip （Brassica rapa vat. rapa L.） which grows in Tibet region is a type of medical and edible plant and ＇tonic and anti-hypoxia＇ function according to Tibetan medical books. In order to study the anti-hypoxia effect of Tibetan turnip products （turnip micron powder and turnip beverage） in athletes, a 7-day human feeding trial was con- ducted. 8 young athletes （including 4 male participants and 4 female participants） were selected and randomly divided into two groups （one group was provided with turnip micron powder and the other with beverage）. They were required to take 15.0g turnip powder （7.5 g each time, 2 times each day） or 3 bottles （268 mL/bottle） of turnip beverage daily （1 bottle each time, 3 times each day）. Hypoxia tolerance test under simulating altitude of 7 500 m where the oxygen con- tent is 7.1% and cardiopulmonary function evaluation （Bruce protocol treadmill） were conducted at the 0th and 8th day. Simultaneously, the routine analysis and biochemical analysis of blood samples were carried out. Indexes including anti- oxidative activities （SOD, CAT, MDA） of all subjects were evaluated. Results revealed that the SpO2 in 7/8 of subjects （except 1 male in beverage group） were effectively elevated and hypoxia symptoms in 3/5 subjects had certain alleviation during hypoxia tolerance test after taking Tibetan turnip products for 7 days. Meanwhile, consumption of 7-day turnip products could promote the exercise duration, METs, lung ventilation function, oxygen uptake capacity during the Bruce protocol treadmill and delay AT （63 s in powder group and 80 s in beverage group） as well. As for the blood analysis, the antioxidant capacities elevated effectively after 7-day treatments. In conclusion, the turnip powder and its beverage exhibited a good potential for anti-hypoxia function which might be related with improving body cardiopulmonary function and oxygen metabolism, enhancing body antioxidant capacity.