“一带一路”倡议下中国境外经贸合作区可持续发展研究

Sustainable development of the Chinese overseas economic and trade cooperation zone under “The Belt and Road”initiative

"一带一路"倡议提出至今已经取得了一系列令人瞩目的成就,境外经贸合作区可以有效规避企业向"一带一路"国家"走出去"过程中遇到的问题,如宏观的中外关系不稳定、中观的商业环境不确定以及微观的工程项目管理和实施规则不熟悉等风险。为了更好地助力"一带一路"倡议,深入研究境外经贸合作区的发展现状、主要特征,并提出促进其可持续深入发展的对策,运用文献调查和比较研究的分析方法,通过已有新闻、报刊、文献等资料的查阅与整理,对截至2016年9月通过商务部、财政部考核的20家境外经贸合作区的现状进行分析,对其基本特征进行归纳。研究发现,当前境外经贸合作区多以中方企业主导投资建设,产业结构以中低端产业为主,主要分布于亚非发展中国家,入驻行业类型有集群发展趋势,在合作机制、产业定位、盈利模式、配套体系等方面面临困境。研究表明,在促进境外经贸合作区可持续发展上,应健全中外双方顶层设计和基层协调,奠定制度保障、积极吸引外方参与建设和运营,强化中外优势互补、完善相关的配套和支撑服务,便利合作区专注发展、创新合作区转型发展,提升合作区自身竞争力。

＂The Belt and Road＂ initiative has made a series of remarkable achievements since first rolled out and the overseas economic and trade cooperation zone plays an important role in the process of this initiative. It can effectively avoid risks of unstable foreign relations on a macro level, uncertain commercial environments on an intermediate level, project management and lack of acquaintance with local regulations on a micro level, when companies ＂go abroad＂ to countries who are part of ＂The Belt and Road＂ initiative. In order to better promote the construction of the initiative, research on the development status, main features and policy for sustainable development of overseas economic and trade cooperation zones is particularly valuable. Through the methods of literature investigation and comparative study, this paper analyses the present situation of 20 overseas economic and trade cooperation zones that have been approved and promoted by the Ministry of Commerce and the Ministry of Finance. The basic characteristics are also summarized. It is found that the construction of current zones are mainly led by Chinese enterprises with the industrial structures mainly in middle and low end industries and located in Asian and African developing countries. In addition, the type of industry shows a cluster development At the same time, they are faced with the challenges of cooperation mechanisms, industry positioning, profit model and supporting system. The analysis results show that in order to promote the sustainable development of the zone, it should promote the key design and coordination of the two sides, lay the system guarantee, actively attract the foreign parties to participate in the construction and operation, strengthen the complementary advantages of China and foreign countries, improve the related support and supporting services, and facilitate the enhancement of the competitiveness of the cooperation zones