非物质文化遗产视野下汾西地区锢窑民居营造技艺调查与研究

Investigation and Study on the Construction Technique of Bracing Kiln Dwelling in Fenxi Region from the Perspective of Intangible Cultural Heritage

汾西地区锢窑民居是一种砖石砌筑的独立式窑洞,无需靠山依崖便能自身独立,既可形成敞院,又可形成合院,也可与砖木结构的房屋形成窑房同构的组合形式。该文以汾西现存锢窑宅院的实地测绘与工匠访谈调查为基础,从非物质文化遗产的角度对锢窑的物质形态与营造技艺进行了归纳总结,揭示该地区传统民居所面临的危机,并提出了相应的对策方案。

The bracing kiln dwelling, as an independent cave built by laying bricks and stones, can stand independently without relying on hills and cliffs. It can not only form an open wide courtyard but also forge a restricted courtyard. At the same time, it can form a configuration of both cave and house by combing houses with masonry timber structure. Based on the field surveying and the interview with craftsmen regarding the current Fenxi bracing kiln courtyards, we make a summary of physical forms and craftsmanship of bracing kiln dwelling in Fenxi Region from the standpoint of intangible cultural heritage. Finally we reveal the crisis faced by traditional residents in the region, and put forward some corresponding countermeasures.