山地复杂障碍区下煤层准确成像混合震源采集技术研究与实践

Study and Practices on Coal Seam Accurate Imaging Hybrid Source Acquisition Technology under Mountainous Complex Obstacle Area

山区复杂障碍区的模型正演表明,利用井炮采用常规恢复性放炮(或重复放炮)进行数据采集,因在障碍区相应部位失去中小偏移距数据,不仅不利于单炮静校正分析及浅层速度模型的建立,同时受其影响,深部煤层反射波也难以得到准确的空间归位。通过实例分析发现,在复杂障碍区内,可根据目地(的)层埋深采用非炸药震源(机械震源、锤击等)进行混合震源数据采集克服这一难题。混合震源采集既可准确获得障碍区相关静校正分析数据,实现浅层速度模型的反演与重构,又可对混合震源采集资料利用多域联合保真去噪、子波一致性、振幅一致性等技术进行保真、保幅处理,克服混合震源资料在相位、频率、信噪比、能量等方面的差异,实现复杂障碍区下深部煤层反射波准确的空间归位及精细成像。

Through the mountainous complex obstacle area model forward has shown that using shothole routine restorative shot （ or repeated shot） carried data acquisition, owing to the obstacle area relevant positions medium small offsets lost, not only count against single - shot statics analysis and shallow velocity modeling, but also caused deep coal seam reflection hard to get accurate spatial position restoration. Through instances analysis has shown that in the complex obstacle area can based on target layer buried depth adopt non -explosive source （mechanical source, hammering etc. ） carried out hybrid source acquisition to overcome the hard nut. The acquisition can not only get obstacle area relevant statics analyzed data, to realize shallow velocity- model inversion and reconfiguration, but also can use multi -domain joint fidelity denoising, wavelet consistency and amplitude consistency processing technologies to carry out fidelity and amplitude preserving processing, overcome phase, frequency, signal - to - noise ratio and energy differences in hybrid source data, realize deep coal seam reflection accurate spatial position restoration and meticulous imaging under complex obstacle area.