美国核废料运输风险规制及其启示

On the Nuclear Waste Transportation Risk Regulation of the United States and Its Enlightenment

经过多年的实践和发展,美国对核废料运输的法律规制已趋近成熟。本文梳理了美国核废料运输立法的发展、核废料运输风险规制的变迁以及美国废物隔离试验工厂的实践,介绍了美国对核废料运输的规制和管理机制,分析了我国现有法律对核废料运输规制存在的不足,进而建议我国应从立法、执法、司法等多方面规制核废料运输,以加强对核废料运输的管理。

After 30 years of practice and development,the legal regulation of nuclear waste transportation in the United States has been relatively mature.The three departments of the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission,the Ministry of Transport and the Ministry of Energy are jointly responsible for the management of nuclear waste transportation.The three departments have clear responsibilities and clear division of labor.This paper reviews the development of the United States,nuclear waste transportation legislation nuclear waste transportation risk,and introduces the transportation of nuclear waste management and regulation mechanism through the practice of the United States waste isolation pilot plant,through the introduction of the relevant system,analysis of problems in China＇s existing laws on nuclear waste transport regulation,that China＇s future should be the legislation,administration and punishment in many aspects such as the regulation of nuclear waste transport.