语言线索对空间关系表征的影响及其机制

Impact and Its Mechanism of Language Cues on Spatial Relationship Representation

语言的获得会对空间认知产生深刻的影响。关于语言与空间认知,近些年来,不仅有大量的相关研究发现语言能力跟空间认知能力之间存在着密切的关联,还出现了实验研究,来试图直接揭示语言对空间关系表征的影响。研究发现,在一系列涉及不同空间关系的任务中,相较于非语言线索,语言线索提示的效果明显更好。在此基础上,从语言编码的特点和加工过程等方面进一步分析语言的作用机制,发现在空间表征中语言主要起到了选择和整合的作用,语言的作用过程是即时性的。建议未来研究在空间任务和语言表述形式上有更多的变式,从而更全面地来揭示语言的作用。

The acquisition of language has a profound impact on spatial cognition. In recent years,not only a large number of correlational studies have found a close relationship between language ability and spatial cognitive ability,but also experimental studies that try to reveal the impact of language on spatial representation directly. Experimental studies found that the effect of linguistic cues is significantly better than non-linguistic cues in a series of tasks involving different spatial relationships. Further analysis explains the mechanism of language advantage from the aspects of language coding features and its working process,which shows that language plays a role of selectivity and integration in the representation of space and the process is momentary. It is recommended that future research should focus more on the variation in the form of spatial tasks and language expressions,so as to fully reveal the role of language.