表面活性剂/有机碱二元体系对稠油O/W型乳状液的影响

Effects of surfactant/organic alkaline binary system on heavy oil O/W emulsions

为了在常温条件下有效输送高黏稠油,以分水率和降黏率为主要评价指标,开展稠油乳化实验,系统分析了表面活性剂类型与质量分数、有机碱类型与质量分数对稠油水包油(O/W)型乳状液的稳定性和流变性的影响规律和作用机理。结果表明:不同类型表面活性剂由于其结构不同,在油水界面上的吸附能力也不同,造成对稠油的乳化能力各异;表面活性剂OP-10与有机碱(EDA、TEOA、TIPA)复配时均可以产生协同效应,且OP-10与TEOA复配体系存在最佳质量分数,超过此质量分数,乳状液反而变得不稳定;综合分水率、降黏率、经济性、安全环保等特点,确定质量分数为0.75%OP-10与质量分数为0.25%TEOA为优选二元体系,该体系制备的乳状液具有很好的长效稳定性和抗硬水能力,乳状液24 h的分水率仅为29.8%,Ca2+摩尔浓度为0.02 mol/L时,乳状液6 h的分水率为19.4%,研究结果将为稠油乳化降黏输送技术的应用实践提供理论依据和技术指导。(图6,表3,参22)

In order to effectively transport high-viscosity heavy oil at normal temperature, a heavy oil emulsifying experiment was carried out to analyze the effect laws and mechanisms of the type and mass fraction of surfactant and organic alkaline on the stability and theology of heavy oil O/W emulsions. And water diversion rate and viscosity reduction rate were taken as the main evaluation indexes of the experiments. It is shown that different types of surfactants are structurally different, so they are different in the adsorption on oil-water contact and the heavy oil emulsifiying capacity. When surfactant OP-10 and organic alkaline （EDA,TEOA and TIPA） are compounded, synergistic effect is generated. And there is an optimum mass fraction in the compounded system of surfactant OP-10 and TEOA, beyond which the emulsion will become unstable instead. Then, 0.75% OP-10-0.25% TEOA binary system was selected as the optimal system a^er water diversion rate, viscosity reduction rate, economy, safety and environmental protection were considered comprehensively. The emulsion prepared from the optimal system has long-term stability and anti-hard water capacity, and its water diversion rate in 24 h is 29.8%. When the molar concentration of the Ca2＋ is 0.02 real/L, the water diversion rate in 6h is 19.4%. The research results provide the theoretical basis and technical guidance for the application of heavy oil emulsifying and viscosity reducing transportation technology. （6 Figures, 3 Tables, 22 References）