羌族“释比”的含义及释比文化的非物质文化遗产属性指归

The Meaning of Shibi in the Qiang Nationality and the Reference of Intangible Cultural Heritage Property in the Shibi Culture

释比文化是羌族文化的核心载体。释比是羌族优秀文化的核心传承人群。对于释比、释比文化的文化意义,目前学界仍然存在一定程度上的误读、误解。这些误读、误解造成了优秀民族文化保护、传承的困境,造成了羌族释比文化始终无缘申报为非物质文化遗产。基于羌族文化的语境,对于释比的理解有广义与狭义之分。释比经典存在白、黑、黄三类范畴。羌族的释比文化有着极其丰富的文化内涵与多样的文化形态表述,完全符合联合国教科文组织对非物质文化遗产的相关定义。释比、释比文化应当可以申报为非物质文化遗产名录,实现其可持续发展。

Shibi Culture is the essential carrier of the Qiang nationality culture. Shibi is the core inherent group of the excellent Qiang nationality culture. Current academic woad still has some misleading and misunderstanding about the cultural meaning of Shibi and Shibi Culture. The misleading and misunderstanding have brought difficulties for protecting and inheriting excellent ethnic culture as well as cause Shibi Culture of the Qiang nationality failed to get the qualification of intangible cultural heritage. Based on the language context of the Qiang nationality culture, the understanding about Shibi is divided into wide and narrow aspects. The classics of Shibi have white, black and yellow categories. With rich cannotations and diversified cultural fomls, The Shibi culture of the Qiang nationality fully accords with the requirements of UNESCO＇s definition of intangible cultural heritage. Shibi and Shibi culture should be declared in the list of intangible cultural heritage to achieve sustainable development.