作为制度的国家:亨廷顿政治视野的整体性考察

The State as An Institution: Samuel P. Huntington’ Political Perspective

现代政治学是世界时势巨变的产物，如果说“国家中心论”是英美霸权更迭之际的理论反映，那么，亨廷顿的“作为制度的国家理论”也可以说是英美霸权更迭之后、美国先是对西方世界后是对非西方世界的支配地位的理论反映。对他来说，国家就是不断变化的经济社会条件下不变的政治要素，国家的有效性和正当性是一个政治共同体治乱兴衰的关键所在，二者并非非此即彼、二元对立而是彼此之间紧密关联、相互影响，因此，重要的不是国家是否“现代”，而是国家的实然构成。

Samuel P. Huntington was immersed in American politics for more than sixty years. He witnessed the whole process of the United States＇ rise in the baptism of World War I1 and its gradual decline after the end of the Cold War. ls there a clue of Huntington＇s political theories in different periods？ Does Huntington＇s academic influence come from its variability or consistency？ This article regards ＂the state as an institution＂ as the key to understand Huntington＇s political theories, By revealing the ＂non-modernity＂ of the ＂modern＂ state, giving consideration to both effectiveness and legitimacy of the state, and blending structural and moral factors in the institution, Huntington has transformed ＂the state as an institution＂ into a highly open field of academic problem domain, formed a new theoretical perspective in the search for the consistency from the variability, and promoted the modern understanding of the source of the rise and fall of great power politics.