论知青叙事的两种文学记忆——兼及陶东风的文化批评伦理

The Two Literary Memories of the Narration of Educated Youth—— Concurrently to Tao Dongfeng’s Cultural Criticism Ethics

陶东风著作《文化研究与政治批评的重建》，从文化批评的角度和“文学与记忆”的角度对知青叙事进行了令人耳目一新的论说。这只是陶著的一个部分。本文专论其“知青叙事的文学记忆”，要点有三。其一，将“文化批评”中的“文化”内涵明确地界定为“人类良知暨社会正义”，从而在“有思想”的文化批评与其他文化批评之间划了一道界限。其二，以有思想的“文化批评”为尺度，可能比常规文论教程更清醒地甄别知青叙事对历史的文学取舍，分出“选择性”“见证性”这两种记忆类型，其中，梁晓声《知青》《今夜有暴风雪》和都梁《血色浪漫》属“选择性记忆”，老鬼《血色黄昏》属“见证性记忆”。其三，鉴于有思想的文化批评（作为某种“亚文学批评”）更执着于非虚构叙事的“历史见证”功能，故以此“批评”为业者，当以道义、勇气自励，此即“文化批评伦理”之第一义。

This is an article devoted to ＂literary memories of the narration of educated youth＂ with three main points. Firstly the ＂cultural＂ connotation in ＂Cultural Criticism＂ is clearly defined as ＂human conscience and social justice＂, which draws a line between the ideological ＂cultural criticism＂ and other ＂cultural criticism＂. Secondly, with the ideological ＂cultural criticism＂ as a measure, it is possible to discriminate the literary choices of the historical narratives more clearly than the regular literary tutorials. It is possible to distinguish the two types of memory： ＂selectivity＂ and ＂witness＂. Thirdly, given that the ideological ＂cultural criticism＂ （as a certain ＂sub-literary criticism＂） is more persistent in its ＂witness＂ of the ＂historical witness＂ function of non-fictional narratives, it is willing to use this ＂criticism＂ as the patriot of the profession. Morality, courage, self-motivation, this is the first meaning of ＂cultural criticism ethics.＂