1930年代长江水灾与“废田还湖”问题研究

The Dilemma of Flood Control and People's livelihood: Study on Yangtze River Flood and “ the Return of farmland to Lake” in the 1930s

1930年代,长江流域连续发生特大洪灾,围湖成田问题得到社会的高度关注。为此,南京国民政府专门制定了《废田还湖办法》,并数度从决策层面重申其重要性,但执行效果并不乐观。究其原因,自然和政治环境的不同,造成了地方政府态度的差异性,这在洞庭湖和太湖地区表现得尤为明显。另外,此项办法偏重防洪,无法兼顾地方民生,加上后期主管机构的调整,执行困难丛丛。为了适应现实的需要,南京国民政府不得不做出调整。由此可见,水利治理必须考虑各地自然地理环境的差异性,尤其是要兼顾民生的需要。

In the 1930s, the serious flooding occurred in the Yangtze River Basin, and also the issue of turning lakes into farmlands became a great concern of the society. So the Nanjing National Government specially formulated the “measures for returning farmland to lake”, and reiterated its importance from the decision-making level several times, but the implementation effect was not optimistic. The reason was that the difference of the natural and the political environment caused the difference of the attitude of the local government, which was particularly evident in Dongting Lake and Taihu lake areas. In addition, this method could not solve the dilemma of flood control and people＇s livelihood due to its priority of flood control; besides, together with the adjustments of responsible authorities at the later period, it is pretty hard to carry out this requirement. Therefore, the government had to make adjustments so as to meet the needs of the reality. Thus, the water conservancy management must consider the differences of the physical and geographical environment, especially the needs of people＇s livelihood.