气候变化对扎龙湿地景观破碎化过程的影响

Impact of Climate Change on Landscape Fragmentation Process in Zhalong Wetland

扎龙湿地位于黑龙江省西部,是我国东北最大的湿地自然保护区。近年来湿地景观破碎化程度日趋严重,因此探究该湿地景观破碎化的原因和影响机制尤为重要。基于扎龙湿地区域1903-2017年植被生长期气候资料,从影响湿地蒸发量的气象要素入手,采用小波分析和对比分析法分析了扎龙湿地气候变化的背景和影响扎龙湿地蒸发量变化的气象要素的变化规律。结果表明:20世纪80年代以来的气候变暖事件以及在这一变暖事件下发生的水汽环境变化是湿地景观破碎化的影响机制;25 a左右的降水量周期变化是湿地景观破碎化明显波动变化过程的主要原因。该研究揭示了气候变化对扎龙湿地景观破碎化过程的影响机制,提高了应对气候变化对湿地生态环境影响的预防能力。

Zhalong wetland is located in western Heilongjiang province and the largest wetland nature reserve in Northeastern China. It is vital to explore the reasons and the influences on the increasingly serious landscape fragmentation in the wetland. Based on the climatic data of vegetation growth period from 1903 to 2017 in Zhalong wetland, this paper explored the background of climate change and the law of meteorological elements causing evaporation change in the area using wavelength analysis and comparative analysis. The results suggested that climate warming and the consequent water vapor change were the mechanism which influenced landscape fragmentation in the wetland. The results also suggested that the precipitation cycle of about 25 year was the main reason which induced the obvious fluctuation of landscape fragmentation in the wetland. This study revealed the mechanism of influence of climate change on the Zhalong wetland landscape fragmentation and improved the capacity to deal with the effects of wetland ecological environment resulted from climate change.